Keith Waterhouse and Willis Hall Essay

In this film, based upon a screenplay by Keith Waterhouse and Willis Hall from a novel from Waterhouse (which written in 1959 influenced by the prevailing theme of the 1950s – the protest of the angry young men), director John Schlesinger creates the fantasized world of Billy Fisher (Tom Courtenay), a young man working at the Shadrack and Duxbury funeral parlor who dreams of becoming a great writer. Julie Christie provides some romance for the awkward clerk. Denys Coop’s cinematography effectively captures the drab life and imaginative world of Billy’s existence, lending further relevance to the film in real life. Billy is an original character whose fantasy life is funny throughout. Known to his officemates as Billy Liar because he is a compulsive liar, Fisher escapes his dour existence by creating a fantasy life as the military leader of the fictional, semi-fascist state of Ambrosia. This fantasy supplies the power and control lacking in his daily life where he feels trapped in his job at the funeral parlor. Though chronic lying is not admirable and his coldness towards his family and his fiancees is dislikable trait, still, overall, Billy is an attractive character, and we can pity him as his rather pathetic pretenses are exposed, while still seeing the justness of the exposure. Waterhouse has managed to mirror the basic nature of people: being dissatisfied with what we have and therefore devising all means to be what we dream to be. Billy Liar remains a pleasing counterpoint to the depressive movies Room at the Top (1958) and Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960). According to Gale (1996), this film that was originally a novel led some commentators to place Waterhouse in the Angry Young Men School. It is in some ways a study of provincial dissatisfaction. Our lives are very similar to Billy in many ways, the reality and fantasy of who we are sharply at odds. Most of us live with a family which is the quintessence of ordinariness; so we compensate by a rich fantasy life and, unfortunately, by dishonesty, much like Billy in the film. Reminiscent of Fisher’s character, we lie our way through life, not out of malice or even out of any conscious desire to cause mischief or to cause hurt to those around us, but purely because we cannot live with, or face up to the demands of, our real lives. The overall mood in the film is, however, disquieting – Fisher’s dreams include killing people, such as his parents, who place obstacles in his way. The film shows that the only real obstacle confronting Fisher is a lack of courage combined with no obvious talent. Much like in real life, we all have a secret vision of doing the unthinkable, murderous or otherwise, to people we extremely dislike. Our judgment is often clouded by anger for other people, which lead to ineffective use of our God-given talents, which in turn hinders the progress that we otherwise could have achieved easily. Despite its very British setting, the film has a universal dimension which is even more poignant in today’s Internet age. In a sense, Billy Liar is an adroit satire about a society caught between socio-economic classes. Billy Fisher’s character is therefore struggling against the limitations of his class, family and urban environment for a better opportunity to display his ability. This theme is relevant even today, as we all strive daily to move up the social and economic ladder of society, as a response to our natural trait to be forever dissatisfied. One cannot help but be fond of and relate to Billy Liar, a unique character that deeply depicts in what boils down to a humorous yet solemn and incontrovertibly influential movie. It is apparent that this film appealed and is still appealing to audiences precisely because Billy’s lack of courage, commitment and his flights of fancy are not so far removed from those of ourselves. Many of us live in dreams where we do spectacular things but given the chance we would not have the courage to accomplish them. Likewise, the film affirms that, ultimately, we must live with, rather than in opposition tom the real world, no matter how painful and uncertain the experience of that invariably will be. While on one level this film could be dismissed as a whimsical fantasy, there is a Billy Liar that exists in all of us. WORK CITED Gale, S. (1996). Encyclopedia of British Humorists: Geoffrey Chaucer to John Cleese. Philadelphia: Taylor and Francis.

Marriage is a private affair; Sequel Essay

As Oekeke awoke, he shifted in his bed with a pain coming from his chest. It wasn’t a pain that made you clench up and scream, he knew from that moment something was very wrong. He tried to open his at last, from when he awoke his eyes were still weary but it seemed as though he was stuck in time. His heart pumped faster and his mind was propelling from left to right to across the back and back. All he could think of was his family, but with such confusion he could hardly focus on the realty of his situation. It was a sensation he’d never felt ever before, and as he saw his life flash by him he knew the only thing he could do was to wait it out. The old man finally grasped control of his life covered in sweat and disorientation. He asked himself if it could have been a near death experience or just a really vivid and messed up dream that only comes around every couple of years. He knew one thing for sure and that was to get to his sons house right away and end the path of negativity. His body was weak but his mind was made up and with that he left all that had just happened behind and left. Just as Okeke rushed to his vehicle, the rain started to pour down as if it were trying to stop him. In the back of his mind he was still left with questions that would once in a while come up. It was too late now as his mind was set on seeing his family. The dark, gloomy sky filled his pain with even more remorse. He couldn’t tell where it was coming from exactly, it wasn’t leaving anytime now. The storm brewed as Okeke drove without any intent of stopping and slow his speed. A sudden sharp pain hit his heart like thunder to ground. His face grew weary and tense and the ever growing pain made the man’s vision sluggish like the fog. He was broken, still his left hand on the wheel. A sudden faint object leapt over the front of his hood, nearly colliding with the car, startling Okeke to gain control and pass his pain for the time being. As the hours passed he finally arrived to Nene’s and Nnaemako’s, crawling out and nearly breaking into their house. Nene helped him in, while in tears Okeke explained his sorrow and experience he had and while all this was happening his pain slowly started to fade away. Okeke finished by saying that everything will be alright and even if they do have their different mind and culture, there will always be a way to solve the issue through choice and absolute strength. The man, finally relaxed in his sons arms, slowly slept back into his nightmare. His son, wife and kid all shared a final breath with him. Okeke slowly lifted his right fingers to his  left ring finger and took his ring and opening his son’s pam and placing it in. Their eyes filled with tears and they were all at peace now a real family. A faint vision appeared flashing in quickly and Okeke was left in a bed which seemed to be in a hospital, from what he could tell. There was mirror hanging on the wall to his right and he looked at it and jumped out of bed seeing how old he looked. He started screaming and ran out but two nurses stopped him and brought him back to his bed. With the confusion and everything he was lead to believe, the nurses told him that he has Alzheimer’s and that once every couple of years he remember everything for a while. This was the first time in 10 years that it’s happened, he was short of breath and asked them what his visions and dreams were all about. They told him that his body is trying to fight the disease. He asked if he had kids and that part was true and they just finished visiting him a few hours ago. They told him that it seemed like a very deep and emotional moment they spent with him and it was like the world was at peace. Okeke laid back in his bed and told them that, that was enough and he said he was ready to go. He knew he was ready and that moment made him re-evaluate everything, like he’d encountered it before, but he was having a hard time remembering it.

Consciousness Essay

1. Explain how the use of substances alters a person’s state of consciousness, including depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Include in this explanation what happens to the neurotransmitters and body chemicals as well as how you might recognize whether a person at work or in your family is in an altered state of consciousness due to the influence of drugs. Stimulants can be used to speed up the central nervous system making a person fell more alert and aware of their surroundings. Depressants are the opposites and reduce the activity of the nervous system and produce a feeling of calm and/or â€Å"taking the edge off†. Hallucinogenics can be used to make an individual have hallucinations and have distortions in space and time. The use of drugs can cause the neurotransmitters to stop the production of certain chemicals need for healthy brain function. The blockage of second messengers, which are the chemical and electrical process which that occur in the receiving neuron, make the user need to take more of the drug in order to try to reproduce the affect on the brain. Some of the signs of use can be physical such as: rapid weight gain or loss, random eye movement, enlarged pupils, uncontrolled muscle movement, and redness of eyes. Changes and mood and behavior doing things that are out of the norm. Also great shifts in emotional stability from being very excited and happy to being depressed and suicidal. 2. This question has five parts. One of the cornerstones of Freudian theory is the concept of the unconscious not to be confused with the state of being knocked unconscious by a blow to the head or an altered state of consciousness. (a) What did Freud mean by the concept of the unconscious? (b) When is it beneficial for much of our behavior to be unconscious? (c) When is it not beneficial? (d) If much of our behavior is unconscious, can you recognize unconscious behavior in yourself and in others? (e) How would you know behavior was unconsciously driven? Refer Back to Chapter 13, which we studied in Week 6. a) The unconscious mind can guides a persons behavior and cause them to do things their conscious mind does not recognize. b) It is beneficial for  thins such as self preservation and helping us avoid danger and staying alive in search of food, water and shelter. c) When they become dangerous to others because the need for these things are being sought without regard to consequences. d) Some times the can be recognized after the fact when someone goes back and analysis the situation also if we have experienced it before. e) By the ability to recall the decision behind the particular behavior. 3. Group think is a concept that involves individuals abandoning their critical senses and agreeing to group process even when they know it will have disastrous consequences. (Challenger disaster, Enron, Iraq war, etc.). Your will encounter these pressures in your work life and need to be prepared. Have you ever done something in a group that you would not have done if you were alone? What happened? How did you feel? What have you learned from this chapter that might help you avoid this behavior in the future, and avoid group think? I have done things in a group that I would most certainly not do alone. The result were never good, even when I was never reprimanded I was left with a feeling of quilt and remorse. Two thing I think can help me the most in the future is to seek an outside opinion that doesn’t have the same group mentality and also they have an impartial leader whom can see the fact and not the people or personalities. 4. How does prejudice develop and how might it be supported in families and in the work place? Do you believe that you are free from prejudice? After reading this chapter, which of the many factors that cause prejudice do you think is most important to change? Prejudice is seen as an attitude that is formed a through direct instruction, modeling, and other social influences on learning. Basically it is taught from some authority figure in the family or at work. I do not believe that I am prejudice free because I can still find my self making snap judgments about certain people before I truly know them. I think social comparison is most important to change. In order to have true equality I feel it is important to not to tear down one group just to make another feel better about itself.

Limited partnership in USA and Uk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Limited partnership in USA and Uk - Essay Example In both countries, the formation of a limited partnership is between two or more persons with the same business objective. The general idea behind a limited partnership is that; there is at least one partner who will bear the full burden of the partnership’s debt, while at least one partner will be dormant. The dormant partner will only bear a portion of the partnership’s debt; that is, up to his/her contribution to the partnership’s capital. Limited partners shall not have any managerial authority. The UK law on limited partnership sets out some clear restrictions on the passive partners. These partners shall not (Osborne, 2002): If the limited partners fail to adhere to the above restrictions, they shall bear all the debts of the business up to the amount drawn out, while participating in the management of the company. The UK company law makes it clear that one cannot be both a general partner and a limited partner at the same time. Any individual or a legal body can become a partner in a limited partnership, either as a general partner or as a limited partner. Both countries require that a limited partnership be registered to ensure that it is not for fraudulent activities. In the UK, all partners in a limited partnership are equally liable for any debts incurred until registration (Osborne, 2002). In Saudi Arabia, joint partnerships will only be considered as legal after registration. Every joint partnership formed and registered under the country’s company law shall be regarded as a Jordanian corporate institution. According to the article (42) of company law; a partnership address should only consist of the general partners’ names. If a limited partner’s name is mentioned in the address, he/she ceases to be a passive partner. He/she becomes a general partner with the full responsibility of the business’ liabilities. The appropriate name should

Business decieon making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business decieon making - Assignment Example Whereas the institution will provide enough facilities for the students for proper learning, it will prepare them psychologically for the cramped state of the job market. Furthermore, the facility will provide students with practical skills for living positively. It is essential that students learn about life skills and the best ways to cope in the society and adhere to expected norms. Thus, although the institution will not be biased to any religious setting, it will labor to provide the right guidance to students and inculcate in them the significance of ethics and values. In so doing, the institution is set to give the students a mindset that will enable them fit anywhere in the world. Mission The institution’s mission is to train, prepare and mould students of sound character, life skills and with the knowledge of the real world and ability to fit and work anywhere in the globe while providing the best professional services and products Keys to Success The keys to success of the institution will be to ensure it indoctrinates Chinese way of education in the Libyan students. Whereas there will be adherence to the legally recognized syllabus of the Libyan people, the institution will instill Chinese Education system ethics that are geared towards preparing learners for the real world (The China Expat, 2013). Students will have the opportunity to have a feeling of the job market and innovative sphere before they get out of school. In so doing, everyone leaves school a prepared individual, copes well in the environment and becomes more productive than they would otherwise be. Company Summary Company Ownership The institution is owned by a group of Libyan graduates from China. The group is accomplished in matters of education. For the past four years, they have been working as tutors within the country. It is high time they thought their expertise in tutoring and experience in matters of Chinese education could help uplift the education standards of the co untry. They, therefore, have established the institution to aid vulnerable and needy students from the Libyan society. Company Start-Up Plan As stated earlier, the company is a creation of some Libyan graduates with expanse background and expertise in Chinese education system. These graduates from Libya and China have the passion and are highly motivated to start a miniature plan of Chinese education values in the country. The company has so far just began and is in its initial stages of start-up. The institution has started with 20 students in high school. It intends to increase its premises with time an open its doors to more students. The institution is set up to provide help to students with needs, and may not have an escalated expansion in the event that it does not obtain funds for the purpose. Market Analysis and Summary The institution intends to gather student population from all over the country. It will endeavor to reach out to all communities in the country and admit the neediest students in these communities. Whereas the founders believe that it may be impractical to help all students from needy backgrounds, it will labor to reach as many needy students as possible and change their lives. In addition to going out to the community, the institution will go into children’s centers and orphanages that have educational facilities only for the primary category. It will admit students who have finished their primary schooling

Identify qualitative methodology in journal articles and critically Research Paper

Identify qualitative methodology in journal articles and critically review its applicability to the study - Research Paper Example ents were quite appropriate for the study, as capturing the essence of what drives both the management of change and the influence of the processes and systems at two different companies on female workers with varying degrees of education and experience. In order to fully assess different perspectives on these views, the unstructured interview allowed the subjects to freely express their unique experiences and viewpoints regarding the role of women in the workplace and how their roles are defined through different social lenses. Additionally, the unstructured interview, as opposed to the simple survey or questionnaire format, allows the researcher to dig deeper into the human behavioral aspects which drive various decision-making in the workplace. It is a relatively common fact that, from an HR perspective, people have various needs in the professional environment linked to autonomous working conditions and empowerment in order to feel fully valuable to an organization. With this in mind, had this study taken a more quantitative approach, such as the utilization of surveys to locate patterns of behavior at the two workplaces described in the research article, it would have limited the potential of the study by limiting responses to a set series of researcher-designed criteria. For instance, a multi-tick survey instrument, such as a series of questions with potential responses ranging from 1-10 based on personal opinion, might have captured whether specific patterns existed in terms of individual worker pers pectives on the role of women in the workplaces. However, the more behavioral aspects of managing people, such as the soft approach to human resources management where people development is paramount, would be missing from this approach, which justifies this study’s use of the informal interview template to provide for free expression of ideas and unique perspectives. One notable limitation to this study’s design involves its lack of clear objectives: What

Egypt before and after the revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Egypt before and after the revolution - Essay Example I want to know more about the topic because I want to understand the history of oppressive regimes and their ending. My specific research question is: What happened to Egypt before and after the 2011 Revolution? My subquestions are: How did the Revolution develop? What are the important events before and after the 2011 revolution that affected and affect different sectors of society? Last month, I read articles from Katherine Zoepf, â€Å"A Troubled Revolution in Egypt,† and Mark Lynch, â€Å"America and Egypt after the Uprisings,† and they made me interested further in the Egyptian crisis. Zoepf’s article demonstrates that after the Revolution, some Egyptian women feel empowered, although the state and Islamic fundamentalists groups did not support women’s rights before and after the Revolt. Zoepf indicates the mixed effects of the Revolution on the advancement of women’s rights, precisely because these women have not yet fully determined the speci fic nature and direction of these rights. Because of this article, I wanted to know more about women’s rights and issues pre and post-Revolution. ... I also became dedicated in knowing more about the diverse economic, political, and social effects of the Revolution after two years. I already performed an initial research on the current updates regarding Egypt’s post-Revolution status. I was able to access articles from Hafez Ghanem, â€Å"Two Years after the Egyptian Revolution,† and Asma Alsharif and Yasmine Saleh, â€Å"Special Report: The Real Force Behind Egypt's 'Revolution Of The State'.† Ghanem focuses on the economic updates on Egypt, while Alsharif and Saleh talk about Egypt before the Revolution. These articles help me to further explore Egypt’s conditions as it goes through the post-Revolution status and its transition toward a government and society that Egyptians wanted. From these articles, I realized how difficult it is to start anew and that a Revolution is not the medicine for all social ills. I plan to move toward my thesis by researching more on the happenings before and after the Rev olution. I will read more on the topic and focus on my thesis: The 2011 Egyptian Revolution is not a product of overnight mobilization, but of decades of political repression and socio-economic problems, and so after it, the country continues to grapple with various social, economic, and political issues. The thesis will guide me to narrow my focus on important social, economic, and political events and conditions that surround the Revolution. List of Potential Sources al-Bishri, Tariq. â€Å"Understanding Egypt's Revolution.† Aljazeera.com, 18 Mar. 2011. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. . Alsharif, Asma, and Yasmine Saleh. â€Å"Special

Physiology and Pharmacology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Physiology and Pharmacology - Essay Example The results of Schild analysis reveal that the drug homatropine is a competitive antagonist for acetylcholine, both competing exclusively for the muscarinic type cholinergic receptors. The Schild plot slope derived has a perfect unity value leading strongly to this conclusion. This also reveals that both agonist and antagonist compete exclusively for the same subtype of receptors without either getting involved with any other subtypes. The report concludes that this research has been relatively successful and thinks that this is of some value as it is highly essential to use such research as this to disclose the particular nature of the drug so that its pharmacology can be successfully implemented. Cholinergic receptor cell types are two – muscarinic and nicotinic. The muscarinic receptors, so called because of their response to muscarine, are to be found mainly in the post-ganglionic parasympathetic effector sites and also in the autonomic ganglion and adrenal medulla. In the latter parts of the nervous system they modulate nicotinic receptor mediated effects (Brown and Taylor, 1996, pp. 142-143). Atropine (dl-Hyoscyamine) and the semi-synthetic homatropine (isopto-atropine) are known muscarinic receptor anatagonists that are usually tertiary amines well able to be absorbed and infiltrate the central nervous system. Nevertheless, they can be converted into the quarternary form by addition of a methyl group to the nitrogen. In this form they are more potent as muscarinic blockers and have increased ganglionic blocking action. Permanently charged quarternary agents do not significantly intrude into the CNS and have limited action there (Brown and Taylor, 1996, pp. 149-150). The atropine/homatropine muscarinic receptor type antagonists have specific depolarization (late EPSP) action in autonomic ganglia. The molecular effects are stimulation of phospholipase C (PLC) with formation of inositol-1, 4, 5 triphosphate () and

Finance - write up a executive summary and recommendation Essay

Finance - write up a executive summary and recommendation - Essay Example These expenses are related to the land bought to expand business in future. The dilemma with the management of the company is what should be done with this land. They have two options; first option is that they can sell off this land for an impressive amount of $235,000 and also save the increasing annual maintenance expenses @3% which is $16,000 at the moment. The second option with the management is to use this land in expanding the existing business by setting up a new spray booth and workshop. This report provides an analysis and evaluation of these two options in hand for FBSR. We have used the capital budgeting tools such as Net present value (NPV), operating cash flow and sensitivity analysis in order to determine the feasibility of the options available at hand. The relevant calculations, with respect to each of the analysis technique used, can be found in the appendices. Our analysis is all depending on John’s assumptions which means our belief is the probability of a ssumption would range from NPV various. Within this analysis of the insurance project of the business, operation cash flow and profitability is the decide the feasibility of business. it’s the company’s choice of whether or not to take the insurance project in the business. Meanwhile, 10% increase or decrease in revenue and wages & maintenance fee of is under concern.

African American Musuem Essay Example for Free

African American Musuem Essay The African Museum in Philadelphia is notable as the first museum funded and built by a municipality to help preserve, interpret and exhibit the heritage of African Americans. Opened during the 1976 Bicentennial celebrations, the AAMP is located in historic Philadelphia, a few blocks away from the Liberty Bell. Charles H. Wesley was a noted African American historian, educator, and author. He was the fourth African American to receive a Ph. D. from Harvard University. An ordained minister, Wesley’s distinguished career included 40 years of leadership with the African Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1976, he served as Director of the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum in Philadelphia, now known as the African American Museum in Philadelphia. Programs The African American Museum that is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has some interesting education programs. These education programs focus on arts, culture, and heritage education. They place a major emphasis on the interests of the students, educators, artists, historians, scholars, and community organizations. These programs offer diversity with scheduling. The programs explore various African forms of cultural expressions. In these programs there are literary performances, hands on demonstrations, workshops, and storytelling performances as well. The African American Museum in Philadelphia feels its programs can be a vital link between the permanent and visiting collections for the many communities they serve. Exhibitions The exhibitions in the African American Museum in Philadelphia can some to be pleasing to the eye and stimulating to the mind. According to the African American Museum of Philadelphia these exhibitions invoke a deep collection of emotion ranging from pride and passion to excitement and enthusiasm. When visitors enter the museum they will come to Gallery 1, which includes a interactive timeline, images draw from historical record, that spans 100 years of history. In Gallery 2 there are full size video projections in which visitors can in engage in them. Once they are activated, a monologue about life in Philadelphia will begin. Some other aspects of the exhibit include an experience where you can walk the streets of Philadelphia through a large scale map, which is located between galleries 1 and 2 .

Use Of Music By Thomas Newman Film Studies Essay

Use Of Music By Thomas Newman Film Studies Essay Since the advent of silent cinema in the late 1800s (Prendergast 1992), the film industry has grown into a global powerhouse contributing over  £4.5bn to the UK economy last year alone (Oxford Economics 2010). Initially used in 1895 to drown out theatre projector noise, music has become a vital ingredient in the cinematic experience with composition to film developing as a narrative art form in its own right (Burt 1994, Prendergast 1992). The Hollywood film industry accounts for the largest market share of box office ticket and DVD sales worldwide, and as such is the dominant trend setter in film composition (World Film Market Trends 2009). The golden era of Hollywood scoring began in the 1930s when many European composers fled an increasingly Nazified Europe to the USA. They took with them a rich classical European heritage (Chihara 2010, Lochner 2009) and many acquired work as film composers, in turn defining the Hollywood sound. The orchestral score dominated Hollywood until the 1960s when technological developments (e.g. close miking, synthesisers, multi-tracking) and alternative stylistic approaches (e.g. jazz, rock n roll) allowed for a new pallet of sounds to be utilised in the compositional process (Burt 1994, Chihara 2010). In 1977 the traditional Hollywood sound made a dramatic comeback with the release of Star Wars (Chihara 2010). John Williams Wagnerian score had its roots firmly set in the golden era, and as the films success sky-rocketed the orchestral soundtrack became increasingly desirable to directors. Other composers followed Williams lead, and the style of the golden era was repositioned as a standard in the industry (Clemmensen 2005, Prendergast 1992, Rona 2000). Whilst Hollywoods A-list composers were sticking to their traditionalist guns, the 1990s saw a new breed of composer gaining a foothold in the industry. Using ethnic instruments, sampling techniques and sound design alongside the traditional orchestra, the creative pallet broadened and film scoring entered a new phase postmodernism, which dominates today (Chihara 2010, Rona 2000). The current trends in film scoring are likely to continue for the foreseeable future, with composers such as Hans Zimmer (Gladiator, Batman Begins), James Horner (Titanic, Avatar), Marco Beltrami (3:10 to Yuma, The Hurt Locker) and Thomas Newman (American Beauty, The Shawshank Redemption) receiving academy awards and nominations for their work (Academy Awards Database 2010, Rona 2000). Thomas Newman in particular is revered as a pioneer of the modern Hollywood sound. Having composed some of the most memorable and successful film music of the last 20 years, he has rewritten the rules on film composition and is regarded by his peers as a true master of the art (Cassidy 2010, Nonesuch Records 2010). His scores are renowned for their uniqueness and inventiveness, with an emphasis on textural sounds, unusual instruments and rhythmic movement, and are instantly recognisable. His style is characterised by blends of synthetic, abstract and acoustic, percussion and a particular harmonic signature. He supports a films narrative by revealing and blending these layers, much in the way of theme variations and leitmotifs in more traditional cinema. His scores are generally subtle and rarely distract from the film, but away from the intended setting his work often fails to stand up as music in its own right (Mok 2000, Rona 2000). Newmans instrumental pallet varies dramatically from project to project, and is specifically catered to the needs of each film. For example, the score for quirky suburban drama American Beauty uses marimba, xylophone, dulcimer, detuned mandolin, tabla and ewi. Whilst this may seem a little unusual (given the films setting), the instrumentation is extremely well suited to the different characters and their individual personalities (Cassidy 2010, Clemmensen 2005). In contrast, his score for the hit Pixar animation Wall-E utilises an orchestra (with particular emphasis on harp), electric bass, a host of odd percussion instruments and many synthetic mechanical sounds. The overall sound is jaunty and sparse but sits perfectly with the robotic narrative of the film. Although American Beauty and Wall-E are totally different films with very unique scores, they are easily identifiable as Newmans work. Objectives and Methodology By investigating Newmans musical narratives across a range of stylistic and technical approaches, the author will develop a firm understanding of the techniques Newman utilises (orchestration, harmony, texture, synthesis, experimentation and so on) and how they characterise his scores so strongly. An in depth examination of Newmans work will provide the author, and readers with a rare insight into the creative processes employed by of one of the worlds top film composers. As such the author feels that the conclusions drawn from the investigation will be directly, and beneficially applicable to all future composition practice he may undertake (whether for film, TV or other narrative based projects). The author will investigate a dynamic cross section of Newmans film scores American Beauty, Finding Nemo, The Shawshank Redemption and Wall-E. The films have been chosen for their diversity in narrative and genre, thus allowing for analysis which encompasses the full scope of the composers work. In addition, Finding Nemo and Wall-E are animations. If any major compositional similarities are discovered in these films, the author will further investigate Newmans approach to define how, through what methods and why he has composed with such similarities. Much of the authors argument will be synthesised by applying theories and analytical techniques derived from texts by leading film music analysts to the context of Newmans scores. These sources include Film Music a Neglected Art by Roy M Prendergast, Narrative Film Music by Claudia Gorbman and The Art of Film Music by Ben Burt. Interviews with Newman will be used to justify the points made and all arguments will be well balanced with reference to multiple sources.

George Yips Drivers Of Internationalisation Economics Essay

George Yips Drivers Of Internationalisation Economics Essay There are four industry drivers: market drivers, cost drivers, government drivers and competitive drivers Yip 1992. Market drivers are customer needs and tastes become more common, the existence of global customers and transferable marketing between difference countries. Costs drivers are scale economies, favourable logistics, and country specific differences. Government drivers are numerous and include eliminate all tariff and non tariff barriers, liberalise trade policies, subsidies outlawed, ownership restrictions and technical standards compatible for all industries. Competitive drivers are competitors global strategies and country interdependence. Yips globalisation drivers on various industries are shown in table 3 of appendix 2. No other industry is more international than civil aviation industry which ranks first out of twelve industries in market and competitive globalisation drivers and second for cost globalisation drivers. The graph shows the airline and retail business a re affected differently by the drivers. Market, cost and competitiveness drivers cause the airlines business to go for high globalisation. Government driver plays a key role on the domestic products. Barriers to Globalisation Governments impose legal and regulatory barriers can hinder the flow of goods and services and the movement of capital and people. Many states still maintain numerous tariffs on imports of goods due to various reasons. Developed countries impose particularly high tariffs on goods coming from underdeveloped countries. Subsidies can take the form of financial grants and tax concessions and are often given to protect domestic firm from foreign competitions such. In Japan, the government protects the farmers interest through various rules and regulations. The western countries impose an embargo on high technology transfer to communist countries including China. Control on Capital in China and many other undeveloped countries can take the form of either controls on inflows or outflows of foreign direct and indirect investment. Government department, nationalized industries and public utilities often spend large amounts of public money purchasing goods and services. In the tendering proces s, government will often favour domestic companies over their foreign rivals even when domestic firms are less capable and more expensive. Border controls affect trade in goods. Exporter and importer may require filling in export/import forms. The customs officers may stop vehicles and check goods at the frontier. This will take time and add additional cost to traders transport thus make goods less competitive in the foreign market. Many barriers remain to the movement of professionals and lobour force. Technical standards, operation licenses and regulations can be formidable barriers. There are thousands of different technical specifications relating to goods and services which can effectively protect domestic markets from foreign competition and consequently restrict trade. Drivers against Barriers Globalisation involves the fusion of economic, cultural, political, and physical between nations and countries. There are historically barriers between countries due to geographical distance, cultural and ideology difference, and national interest. Globalisation promotes mutual reliance between countries through all forms of drivers such as the cost drivers, government deregulation, mutual recognition of technical standards and qualifications. If drivers diminish, the barriers will become larger. After China entered the WTO in 2000, the government drivers effectively change the policies and regulations to enable the free trade and investment. Conclusions China is the emerging force in todays business world and its domestic market bears huge growth potential for Tesco. Tesco is competing with others multinational companies such as Wal-Mart and Carrefour. The retail industry is not considered to be a prestigious industry by the Chinese government and is therefore not sanctioned like the state owned infrastructure and heavy industry sector. Local government would like to upgrade the city image by closing down some of the street wet markets. As Chinese getting wealthier, they are looking for better quality goods, services and good brand names. Foreign-funded retailers can normally meet the expectation of the younger generation. After knowing the macro environment of China, Tesco can formulate its China market strategy. Tesco can find a partner with local knowledge and deploy stores in major cities, and then gradually expand towards the second and third-tier cities. Domestic supermarkets mostly start in a central region, and then radiate towards the periphery areas. For example, Lianhua started in Shanghai, Better-Life in Hunan and Jiangxi, Meet-All in Shanxi, Wu-Mart and Jingkelong in North China and New Huadu in Fujian respectively. In the coming Chinas twelfth five-year plan, the annual GDP growth is expected to be 7-8%. Along with China continue to reform under the new leadership and increasing peoples income, the development of Chinas supermarket industry will have the following trends in the future: Firstly, other than the first-tier big cities (Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou), the second-tier and third-tier cities (Chongqing, Xian, Tianjin and Chengdu) will have a faster growth rate, Secondly, the suburbanisation of big cities will promote the growth of the suburban supermarket market. The urban expansion and population growth will expand the urban surrounding areas, thus the centre of retail industry will proliferate to suburb from downtown. Thirdly, the focus of supermarket operation will shift from just selling goods to service quality. Along with the continuous increase of consumers income, the expectation and demand for consumables will have great changes. Besides quality and price, consumers will pay more attention to factors such as brand name, convenience and shopping experience. Furthermore, the quality of commodities provided by various supermarkets will have a dwindling gap, so the competition of the supermarket industry in the future will focus more on the service level. The civil aviation industry ranks highest for market globalisation drivers because end users in different countries have the same needs for the products and the customers search the entire world for suppliers. The major players of the civil aero engine are Pratt Whitney, General Electric, CFM International and Rolls Royce. Competitive globalisation drivers are high. Cost globalisation drivers in aero engines industry is rank high because of huge development cost and one single national market is not enough to pay back the investment. By 2030, China will need more than four thousand aeroplanes. Aero engine is one of the essential components installed on the aeroplane. As in the foreseeable ten years, China is still unable to produce the national civil aero engines for commercial usage. Rolls Royce should formulate its Chinas market short, medium and long term strategy to catch the business opportunity. Short term strategy should include setting up of marketing and after sale support office in Beijing. Medium term is to set up maintenance repair shop in China to provide better support and reduce the maintenance cost. In China twelfth five year plan, China plan to invest RMB100M to develop a national aero engine. The Chinese Authority is seeking foreign partner and international collaboration. Rolls Royce medium term strategy can be working with the Chinese partner on licensed production of Rolls Royce engines to power the Chinese aircraft. For the long term strategy, Rolls Royce can entered into international colla boration with the Chinese partner in the design, development and production of advanced commercial aero engines.

The Media: Does It Shape Societies View on Femininity? :: essays research papers

The Media: Does It Shape Society's View of Femininity? The question answers itself. Yes, the media definitely influences today's society via messages through the television, radio, magazines, and billboards. It seems that in today's day and age to even be â€Å"noticed† as a woman one must be tall, skinny, blonde, and countless other things that the â€Å"average woman† could only hope for. Today, if one is not comfortable with who or what they are, they may encounter many dilemmas. I found three convincing reasons to support my claim: the rise of eating disorders throughout history, percentages and statistics, and my own personal experience. The Rise of Eating Disorders Throughout History As far back as the 18th century, women began dieting. They submitted themselves to food deprivation, enemas, and purging. In order to achieve that â€Å"hourglass† figure, some women went as far as having their lower ribs surgically removed.(Collins 199) In the 1940s and '50s, full figure females were popularized by movie stars like Ava Gardner, Jane Russell, and Marlyn Monroe, but they were, however, short lived. With the introduction of Playboy ®, Vogue ®, and Cosmopolitan ®, eating disorders have quickly taken over our society. The great majority of American women are culturally conditioned to strive for a slender figure. Advertising, television, films, and the fashion industry relentlessly drive home the message, and women who don't â€Å" naturally† fit the mold often respond by dieting or even surgery. Percentages and Statistics According to the National Eating Disorders Association, â€Å" Media images that help to create a cultural definition of beauty and attractiveness are often acknowledged as being among those factors contributing to the rise of eating disorders†(165). Media messages screaming â€Å"thin is in† may not cause eating disorders but help to create a context in which people learn to put a value on their body. The media's power over our development of self-esteem and body image can be incredibly strong. According to a recent survey of adolescent girls, the media is their main source on women's health issues ( Common Wealth Fund 348) , and researchers estimate that 60% of middle school girls read at least one fashion magazine regularly (Levine 1997). Another study of mass media magazines discovered that Women's magazines had 10.5 times more advertisements and articles promoting weight loss than men's magazines did (ctd. in Guillen & Barr 465). There was a study of 4,294 network television commercials which revealed that one out of every 3.8 commercials send some sort of â€Å"attractiveness† message, telling

Victor Frankenstein’s Obsession in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay

The most prevalent theme in Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† is that of obsession. Throughout the novel there are constant reminders of the struggles that Victor Frankenstein and his monster have endured. Many of their problems are brought upon by themselves by an obsessive drive for knowledge, secrecy, fear, and ultimately revenge. From the onset of Victor’s youth, his earliest memories are those of â€Å"Curiosity, earnest research to learn the hidden laws of nature, gladness akin to rapture, as they were unfolded to me, are among the earliest sensations I can remember† (ch. 4) This is the first example of obsession that we see in the novel. This drive to learn the ‘hidden’ laws of nature is the original driving force that sets the plot in motion. Without this, Victor would have never embarked on his unholy quest to overcome mortality, thus leading to his creation of his monster. â€Å"Dr. Victor Frankenstein feels uncontrollably compelled to create animation in the lifeless body† (Storment) this obsession with the creation of life alienated him from his loved ones. His impending marriage to Elizabeth was one aspect of his life that he sacrificed. In chapter 22, Elizabeth writes to him â€Å"Tell me, dearest Victor. Answer me, I conjure you by our mutual happiness, with simple truth-- Do you not love another?† Elizabeth’s concern about his faithfulness is based on his neglect of their relationship. He simply did not allow any other aspect of his life to impede his goal. Victor Frankenstein is ultimately successful in his endeavor to create life. This, however, does not stop the underlying theme of obsession. Shelley’s shift from Victor’s never-ending quest for knowledge is replaced with an obsession of secrecy. â€Å"I had worked har... ...his mental strength, taking its toll, leaving him incapacitated for months on end. The final compulsion to destroy his daemon takes him to the end of existence. Exhausted from his relentless pursuit, he dies without ever obtaining the closure that he was searching for. â€Å"Victor Frankenstein’s life was destroyed because of an obsession with the power to create life where none had been before† (Moring) Shelley leaves us pondering the question, when does obsession cross the line into insanity? Works Cited Moring, Patrick. Who is the Monster? California State University, Northridge. n.d.Web. 31 Oct. 2014. Storment, Suzanna. Frankenstein Commentary. Washington State University. n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2014. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. Page By Page Books. Read Classic Books Online, Free. n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.

Behavior Problem In Children And Adolescents

This is a story of Ted, an eight year boy, in whose eyes there always was seen a certain kind of anxiety. He loves playing football like any other child in my neighborhood. He has brown hair, wears long T-shirt, hat and always has a muffler around his neck. He looks like any other normal boy but one day when I went to his house, I saw anxious face of this mother and what she told made me felt thinking. She said that one day Ted was sitting in his English class and suddenly he felt that he should run away from his room, or he was going to get mad and hurt somebody.Not only this, he started breathing very fast and began to tremble too. He asked his teacher that he wanted to leave the classroom but his teacher simply refused. He became so adamant that he started to scream, just kicked the desk, slammed the door behind and rushed outside the class room finally finding himself landing in the Principal’s office. He apologized but that was not the end of the story. Sometimes his face also used to turn red. He started behaving in this manner in regular intervals.His mother told me that they had even got him thoroughly examined by the doctor but there was no serious problem with him. He stayed with his mother who got divorced few years back, and there was no one else in the house. His mother goes to office after dropping him to near by school and Ted always returns home disappointed, finding himself all alone. Later it was found out that he is suffering from Panic Disorder. Panic disorder is a form of anxiety disorder commonly found in thousands of children all over United States of America.Generally 12 per cent of children of ninth grade have panic attacks, and 1-2 per cent of adults have this problem. Children having Panic disorders may suffer from fear and discomfort, palpitation, pounding heart or great heart rate, trembling, sweating, shaking legs, nausea, dizziness etc. Panic disorder has become the most common problem among children and adults alike. They may also feel choking, chest pain, fear of dying, parasthesia (numbness or tingling sensation) etc.We generally ignore Panic disorder terming the symptoms as normal behavior of children but it is a very serious problem, which can hamper the child’s mental and physical growth. Affected children are socially cut off, their school performance is deteriorated and they may suffer from many other problems. It is not necessary that those children who are having panic attacks may have panic disorder, if 10 % of the children will suffer from panic attacks then 1 to 2 per cent only suffer from Panic disorder.Out of these who develop the Panic disorder, 10-35% is sure to get cured, 50% may get affected mildly later. The most common of all panic disorder is Agrophobia. This means always having a feeling of finding in a place or any situation were it is impossible to escape, or face a situation where help is not nearby available. According to the researchers, Panic disorder is caused when there is abnormality in that part of the brain, which indicates the quantity of Carbondioxide in the blood. If Carbondioxide is more, this means breathing is less than normal.Therefore, body will send the signals to increase the breathing process and also send adrenaline to help in the same process. We can also say that Panic disorder is hereditary problem. The children are much more likely to have an anxiety disorder if a parent also has an anxiety disorder. Part of this heredity is expressed through something called Behavioral Inhibition, which means reacting opposite to entirely new situation and things. Some infants and children will be very happy, eager and curious to find out about new people and things.However, roughly 15% of children will feel shy, withdrawn, and irritable in a new situation or with new people or things. Ted’s problem of Panic disorder is a problem of anxiety disorder, which is the most common among Children and adolescents. There are many kinds of a nxiety disorders but the most common of them are Separation Anxiety Disorder and Specific Phobias, occurring in the age group between 6-9 years old. Anxiety is one of the many disorders affecting man hood like neuroses. Children generally suffer from maximum fear and worry more than their parents do.Many of these problems can be predicted and cured easily so clinician before starting the treatment should carefully examine the behavior among children and then should prescribe the medicine for the same. Girls suffer more from fear than boys do. Separation anxiety disorder is found in childhood only and these involve the problems like specific phobia, social phobia among others. Children suffering from the phobias will try to leave the feared object. Social phobia occurs when children fear from being humiliated in public place.Children may get scared of speaking, writing, reading, performing in public, initiating and maintaining conversations, speaking to authority figures and interact ing in informal social situations. The idea can daunt on the children that what others will think of them and may suffer somatic symptoms with a sole purpose to escape uncomfortable situations. These children may suffer from lower self esteem and and always feel lonely and sad. This disorder can be comorbid with other diagnoses such as anxiety or depression.So, it becomes inevitable to treat the problem, whatever disorder the child may be suffering from before it causes some serious implications on his health and life. There should be open communication between clinicians, therapists, family and school staff. The source of stress of the child should be reduced through counseling, medicines and supportive environment both at home and school. It becomes utmost important for the parents to understand the illness of the child and his struggle with it. The child should not be left isolated.They should listen to the child’s feeling, praise his efforts and encourage him to participa te in various activities to relieve him of the stress, tension and depression. Ted’s mother also understood the root cause of problem and following the advice of child psychologists, she herself undertook parent guidance counseling sessions. With this, she was able to manage his son’s illness effectively by providing much needed support and love. Soon, Ted was on the path of recovery. Reference Nelson R. W. , Emeritus & Allen Y. (2005) Behavior Disorders of Childhood. Publisher: Prentice Hall

Platos Apology Of Socrates Essay

INTRODUCTION Plato makes it clear, especially in his Apology of Socrates, that he was one of Socrates’ devoted young followers. In that dialogue, Socrates is presented as mentioning Plato by name as one of those youths close enough to him to have been corrupted, if he were in fact guilty of corrupting the youth,[1] and questioning why their fathers and brothers did not step forward to testify against him if he was indeed guilty of such a crime. The relationship between Plato and Socrates is not unproblematic. The charges against Socrates says that he has two sets of accusations: the old, longstanding charges that he is a criminal, a busybody, and a curious person who makes inquiries into the earth and sky, and the recent legal charges that he is guilty of corrupting the young, and of believing in supernatural things of his own invention instead of the gods recognized by the State.[2] Which he terms as charges stemmed from years of gossip and prejudice against him and hence was unanswerable. The trial of Socrates is the central, unifying event of the great Platonic dialogues.   The causes that occasioned this Apology were as follow: – Aristophanes, at the instigation of Mellitus, undertook, in his comedy of the clouds, to ridicule the venerable character of Socrates, on the stage; and the way being once open to calumny and defamation, the fickle and licentious populace paid no reverence to the philosopher, whom they had before regarded as a being of a superior order.[3] When this had succeeded, Melitus stood forth to criminate him, together with Anytus and Lycon; and the philosopher was summoned before the tribunal of the Five Hundred. He was accused of making innovations in the religion of his country, and corrupting the youth. However, as both these accusations must have been obviously false to an unprejudiced tribunal, the accusers relied for the success of their cause on perjured witnesses, and the envy of the judges, whose ignorance would readily yield to misrepresentation, and be influenced and guided by false eloquence and fraudulent arts. In the Apology, Socrates tries to dismiss rumors that he is a sophist and defends himself against charges of disbelief in the gods and corruption of the young. Socrates insists that long-standing slander will be the real cause of his demise, and says the legal charges are essentially false. Socrates famously denies being wise, and explains how his life as a philosopher was launched by the oracle at Delphi. He says that his quest to resolve the riddle of the oracle put him at odds with his fellow man, and that this is the reason he has been mistaken for a menace to the city-state of Athens. THE APOLOGY of SOCRATES Socrates begins by saying he does not know if the men of Athens (his jury) translation often says â€Å"gentlemen,† have been persuaded by his accusers.[4] Plato often begins his Socratic dialogues with words that indicate the overall idea of the dialogue; in this case, â€Å"I do not know†. Indeed, in the Apology Socrates will suggest that philosophy consists entirely of a sincere admission of ignorance, and that whatever wisdom he has, comes from his knowledge that he knows nothing. Socrates asks the jury to judge him not by his oratorical skills, but by the truth. Socrates says he will not use ornate words and phrases that are carefully arranged, but will speak the chance thoughts that come into his head. I know not, O Athenians, how my accusers may affect you: I indeed have through them almost forgotten myself, so persuasively have they spoken; though, as I may say, they have not asserted any thing, which is true. However, among the multitude of their false assertions I am most surprised at this, in which they say that you ought to beware of being deceived by me, as if I were an eloquent speaker. For that, they should not be ashamed of asserting that which I will immediately confute in reality, since in the present instance I shall appear to you to be by no means eloquent, this seems to me to be the consummation of impudence; unless they call him eloquent who speaks the truth. The three men who brought the charges against Socrates were Anytus, son of a prominent Athenian, Anthemion. Anytus makes an important cameo appearance in Meno. Anytus appears unexpectedly while Socrates and Meno are discussing the acquisition of virtue. Having taken the position that virtue cannot be taught, Socrates adduces as evidence for this that many prominent Athenians have produced son’s inferior to themselves. Socrates says this, and then proceeds to name names, including Pericles and Thucydides. Anytus becomes very offended, and warns Socrates that running people down could get him into trouble someday. Meletus, the only accuser to speak during Socrates’ defense. He is mentioned in another dialog, Euthyphro, but does not appear in person. Socrates says there that Meletus is a young unknown with hooknose. In the Apology, Meletus allows himself to be cross-examined by Socrates and stumbles into a trap. Apparently not paying attention to the very charges he is bringing, he accuses Socrates of atheism and apparently, of believing in demi-gods. Lycon, about whom little is known; he was, according to Socrates, a representative of the orators. O Athenian, I should answer the first false accusations of me, and my first accusers, Socrates claims to never have been a teacher, in the sense of imparting knowledge to others. He cannot therefore be held responsible if any citizen turns bad. If he has corrupted anyone, why have they not come forward to be witnesses? Alternatively, if they do not realize that they have been corrupted, why have their relatives not stepped forward on their behalf? Many relatives of the young men associated with him, Socrates points out, are presently in the courtroom to support him.[5] For many have been accusers of me to you for many years, and who have asserted nothing true, of whom I am more afraid than of Anytus and his accomplices, though these indeed are powerful in persuading; but those are still more so, who having been conversant with many of you from infancy, have persuaded you, and accused me falsely.[6] For they have said, that there is one Socrates, a wise man, studious of things on high, and exploring every thing under the earth, and of believing in supernatural things of his own invention instead of the gods recognized by the State. These men, O Athenians, who spread this report, are my dire accusers. For those who hear it think that such as investigate these things do not believe that there are gods.[7] In the next place, these accusers are numerous, and have accused me for a long time. They also said these things to you in that age in which you would most readily believe them, some of you being boys and lads; and they accused me quietly, no one speaking in my defence. Such however, as have persuaded you by employing envy and calumny, together with those who being persuaded themselves have persuaded others. Consider, therefore, as I have said, that my accusers are twofold, some having accused me lately, and others formerly; and think that it is necessary I should answer the latter of these first; for you also have heard these my accusers, and much more than you have those by whom I have been recently accused. Be it so. I must defend myself then, O Athenians, and endeavor in this so short a space of time to remove from you the calumny that you have so long entertained. I wish, therefore, that this defence may effect something better both for you and me, and that it may contribute to some more important end. I think however that it will be attended with difficulty, and I am not entirely ignorant what the difficulty is. At the same time let this terminate as Divinity pleases. It is my business to obey the law, and to make my apology.[8] Conclusion Socrates concludes this part of the Apology by reminding the jurors that he will not resort to the usual emotive tricks and arguments. He will not break down in tears, nor will he produce his three sons in the hope of swaying the jurors. He does not fear death; nor will he act in a way contrary to his religious duty. He will rely solely on sound argument and the truth to present his case.[9]Socrates punishment speech angered the jurors. 360 of them voted for the death penalty; only 141 voted for a fine of 3,000 drachmae. Now Socrates has to respond to the verdict. He first addresses those who voted for death. He claims that it is not a lack of arguments that has resulted in his condemnation, but rather his unwillingness to stoop to the usual emotive appeals expected of any defendant facing death. Again, he insists that the prospect of death does not absolve one from following the path of goodness and truth. To those who voted for his acquittal, Socrates gives them encouragement: He says that his daimon did not stop him from conducting his defence in the way that he did as a sign that it was the right thing to do. Therefore, death must be a blessing. It is either an annihilation (thus bringing eternal peace from all worries, and therefore not something to be truly afraid of) or a migration to another place to meet souls of famous people such as Hesiod and Homer and heroes like Odysseus. With these, Socrates can continue his task of questioning. Bibliography Leo Strauss. Socrates and Aristophanic. New York, 1966. [1] Pp 82-2 [2] Pp83- 2 [3] Pp 84-1 [4] Pp 82-2 [5]pp143-1 [6] Pp 138-2 [7] Pp 84-2 [8] Pp 180-2 [9] Pp163-4

Qualitative & Quantitative Essay

Qualitative research focuses on gathering of mainly verbal data rather than measurements. Gathered information is then analyzed in an interpretative manner, subjective, impressionistic or even diagnostic. Here’s a more detailed point-by-point comparison between the two types of research: 1. Goal or Aim of the Research The primary aim of a Qualitative Research is to provide a complete, detailed description of the research topic. It is usually more exploratory in nature. Quantitative Research on the other hand focuses more in counting and classifying features and constructing statistical models and figures to explain what is observed. Read also: Aims of Research QualitativeQuantitative HypothesisBroadNarrow DescriptionWhole pictureFocused Type of ResearchExploratoryConclusive 2. Usage Qualitative Research is ideal for earlier phases of research projects while for the latter part of the research project, Quantitative Research is highly recommended. Quantitative Research provides the researcher a clearer picture of what to expect in his research compared to Qualitative Research. QualitativeQuantitative PhaseEarlyLate 3. Data Gathering Instrument The researcher serves as the primary data gathering instrument in Qualitative Research. Here, the researcher employs various data-gathering strategies, depending upon the thrust or approach of his research. Examples of data-gathering strategies used in Qualitative Research are individual in-depth interviews, structured and non-structured interviews, focus groups, narratives, content or documentary analysis, participant observation and archival research. On the other hand, Quantitative Research makes use of tools such as questionnaires, surveys, measurements and other equipment to collect numerical or measurable data. 4. Type of Data The presentation of data in a Qualitative Research is in the form of words (from interviews) and images (videos) or objects (such as artifacts). If you are conducting a Qualitative Research what will most likely appear in your discussion are figures in the form of graphs. However, if you are conducting a Quantitative Research, what will most likely appear in your discussion are tables containing data in the form of numbers and statistics. 5. Approach Qualitative Research is primarily subjective in approach as it seeks to understand human behavior and reasons that govern such behavior. Researchers have the tendency to become subjectively immersed in the subject matter in this type of research method. In Quantitative Research, researchers tend to remain objectively separated from the subject matter. This is because Quantitative Research is objective in approach in the sense that it only seeks precise measurements and analysis of target concepts to answer his inquiry. Read also: Qualitative research, Quantitative research Determining Which Method Should Be Used Debates have been ongoing, tackling which method is better than the other. The reason why this remains unresolved until now is that, each has its own strengths and weaknesses which actually vary depending upon the topic the researcher wants to discuss. This then leads us to the question â€Å"Which method should be used?† If your study aims to find out the answer to an inquiry through numerical evidence, then you should make use of the Quantitative Research. However, if in your study you wish to explain further why this particular event happened, or why this particular phenomenon is the case, then you should make use of Qualitative Research. Some studies make use of both Quantitative and Qualitative Research, letting the two complement each other. If your study aims to find out, for example, what the dominant human behavior is towards a particular object or event and at the same time aims to examine why this is the case, it is then ideal to make use of both methods.

Conference For Marketing Professionals

Introduction: Every year the University of   Hertfordshire (UoH) hosts a conference for marketing professionals. The event is held at the de Havilliand campus and attracts approximately 100 attendees annually.   This gathering has not traditionally been monitored to determine attendee satisfaction or to determine the rate of return attendance.   To correct this oversight, a program will be developed to determine the rate of satisfaction for forum attendees and for those presenting at the forum. (72 words) Objectives: The primary objective of this study will be to determine the effectiveness of the program as it currently exists. A secondary objective will be to identify areas that require modification and the third objective will be to determine if presenters are satisfied with the quality of attendees and the opportunities to present to them. A further goal of this project will be to evaluate the opportunities for growth of the forum. The study will use quantitative research to gather opinions from attendees. This form of market research is very commonly accepted as a means to determine client satisfaction. (98 words this section/170 total) Research Design This project will be via a questionnaire given to all conference attendees. A separate questionnaire will be developed for the presenters. The primary questionnaire will be comprised of 10 questions to which the respondent will be asked to give a numerical response between one and five. This numerical representation of satisfaction will then be averaged, with extremes taken into consideration, to determine an arithmetic mean. In addition, we will have five questions requesting short answers. These purely subjective answers will be recorded as anecdotal responses and anecdotal evidence regarding satisfaction with the conference. The secondary questionnaire will also consist of fifteen questions divided in the same manner. The subjective questions will be the same for both the questionnaires. The questions for the primary questionnaire will be as follows: Please respond with a number between 1 and 5. 1 is the lowest/worst response and 5 is the highest/best. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Did you enjoy the conference? 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Were the seminars useful to you? 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Did this conference assist you in furthering your career? 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Was the keynote speaker helpful? 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Was the meal served adequate? 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Was this seminar worth the cost of attendance? 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Was this a useful way to spend your day? 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Were the presenters helpful? 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Did you learn anything new at this conference? 10.   Given the chance, would you attend this conference again? The subjective questions for both questionnaires would be: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What improvements would you like to see made to the conference? 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What was the best part of the conference? 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What was the worst part of the conference? 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Were you satisfied with the opportunities provided at the conference? 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What should the conference committee know about your visit? The secondary questionnaires would include the following questions: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Did you enjoy the conference? 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Were the conference attendees of the quality you expected? 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Were the seminars useful to you? 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Did you enjoy the keynote speaker? 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Was the meal served adequate? 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Would you attend the conference again? 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Did the quality of materials provided today meet your expectations? 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Did you learn anything new at this conference? 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Was this a useful way to spend your day? 10.   Did you hire staff/find prospects today? (Words 327/ total words 497). Data collection – Methodology This questionnaire will be given to every attendee at the conference prior to the last session of the day. We will offer a door prize to be mailed to the winner at a later date in an effort to encourage more people to respond to the questionnaire. To receive the prize, a respondent would have to list their name and address at the top of the questionnaire. This will also assist us in developing a mailing list for the conference next year. We will have staff move through the crowd as they are leaving, reminding people to turn in their questionnaires via a drop box by the door or by handing them to conference staff. It is anticipated that by offering a random door prize in association with compliance in completing the questionnaire, we should be able to increase the return rate for the questionnaire. (Words 145, total words 642) Sampling plan As previously discussed, the intention will be reach 100 percent penetration with these questionnaires. We will have two different colors for the surveys so that we may quickly differentiate between presenters and attendees responses. We will also consider the possibility of conducting a follow up survey via random sampling based on the attendance list. This survey would be conducted via telephone. The secondary survey would only be conducted if the primary survey has an inadequate response. If the secondary survey is necessary, the sampling member would be random, taking every third name on the attendance roster and rotating through the list until a sample of not less than 10 percent nor more than 20 percent is achieved. (Words 117, total words 759) Data Analysis Once the information is gathered, the first effort will be made to determine if there are consistent groupings of results or an outriders, which are indicative of an extremely dissatisfied (or satisfied) individual.   Once this analysis is complete, each individual question will be evaluated to find the mean and determine where that overall satisfaction levels falls on the continuum scale established in our questions. For our purposes here, we will be looking at each of the questions individually and then will also be taking a combined average using all of the questions to determine the overall satisfaction with the event. In addition, we will be compiling a list of the anecdotal responses to the questionnaire. These responses will be listed, completely unedited, as feedback for the committee which puts the conference together. Obscene or threatening comments will be deleted as irrelevant. The questionnaires from the presenters will be analyzed separately, using the same analysis method. (Words 155, total words 914) Timetable and Budget The initial budget for this project should be less than $250. We anticipate spending $100 to acquire two gift cards to be awarded to two randomly selected persons who return their questionnaires. The additional expenses will be used to develop and print the questionnaires and for computer analysis of the results. Providing that we receive adequate response numbers from the questionnaires at the conference, it is anticipated that the research report can be delivered within two weeks after the end of the conference with the primary work being conducted the day of the conference. If the questionnaires do not receive adequate response to provide the market report that we desire, the time table will be extended by two weeks and the budget will be doubled, as the project will suddenly have telephone expenses in addition to the previously outlined expenses. (Words 140, total words 1054) Personnel Involved The personnel involved in this project will be the researcher and all members of the conference staff, who will be asked to remind attendees of the need for the return of questionnaires. Conference personnel will be asked to hand out the questionnaires as part of the attendees registration packet and to collect the questionnaires in the final moments of the conference. In addition, we will ask presenters to remind attendees throughout the conference that they need to turn in their questionnaires. (Words 81, total words 1135) Questionnaire Please complete the following questionnaire and return to conference staff or place in the drop box near the exit. Two prize winners will be drawn at random from those who return the questionnaire.    The subjective questions for both questionnaires would be: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What improvements would you like to see made to the conference? 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What was the best part of the conference? 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What was the worst part of the conference? 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Were you satisfied with the opportunities provided at the conference? 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What should the conference committee know about your visit?       (Words 235, total words 1370)

How to create a beautiful home design with low budget Essay

How to create a beautiful home design with low budget - Essay Example y, esthetic sense is really important when it comes to choosing decorating material, everything should appear impressive and for that a person has to have great taste and choice. The next important step is to take a walk around the home so as to determine which area to mainly focus upon, this is also very important because it is really difficult to cover all the areas especially when the funds available are very limited. Magazines and furniture stores can provide a lot of ideas with the help of which an ordinary looking home can look out of this world, it is very important to scroll through magazines to look for inspiration. Visiting furniture stores is also important because furniture can redefine the look of a house provided the right stuff is picked from the furniture store. Home dà ©cor items that already exist in the house should be paid attention to, it can either be sold if it is not fitting in too well or it can be modified and reinvented to make the house look better at absolutely no extra cost. Painting the walls in each room would definitely help and the whole process is inexpensive also, the right shade should be selected to make the house look better and it is also important to be unique and appealing to the senses. Colors can be mixed and matched suiting the needs of an individual and also depending on the choice of color of an individual. â€Å"Purchase neutral furniture pieces if you need new furniture so they will fit into any design or color changes in the room. Browse the clearance section of the furniture store for discounted pieces, or keep an eye on Craigslist for cheap used furniture that looks like new.† (Budgeting Money) Dressing up the furniture is the next important thing, matching pillows with the wall paint can be used so as to make it look really impressive, in addition to this new pillows complimenting the furniture can also be purchased, this will make the room look so much better and impressive. â€Å"Begin by buying a few lush

Ethics of disaster planning and response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethics of disaster planning and response - Essay Example This will ensure that the solutions and decisions are culturally acceptable (Schroeder, 1997). I had not considered the fact that offering donation and aid when a disaster strikes brought about value competition and complications. The assumption was that there were no conditions in offering aid but it was strictly an altruistic act on the part of the donors which means they wanted nothing in return and thereby abiding to the values and culture of the locals they have offered to support but according to Schroeder (1997), there are usually conflicting national public policy and standards of justice when responding to disasters. The western countries which come to assist the locals with disaster response come with their values and standard of justice which they use as a condition to offer aid which the locals claim is not fair. They insist that the diverse opinions of both the donors and recipients of the donation that have experienced the disaster must be taken into consideration before making any final decisions. Schroeder, K. (1997). Disaster Declaration and Response. In Jenson, E. Disaster Management Ethics (pg. 57-66). Retrieved from:

Arizona Real Estate Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Arizona Real Estate Market - Research Paper Example The crash was caused by several factors which had not been foreseen. This paper discusses Arizona’s real estate market crash. The economy of Arizona largely depended on the real estate market. The real estate market was at its peak when gradually the market collapsed. This did not happen abruptly, a number of factors can be identified as the cause of Arizona’s real estate market crash. One of the factors is that many people had taken mortgage to purchase homes. People were tempted to own homes either for personal use or to sell later. Some of them could not afford and decided that a mortgage would help them become home owners. In addition, obtaining loans was easy going. The loans were characterized by low interest at the initial years. Later, the loan interest would be adjusted according to fluctuation. Some of the people with loans whose income could not match with the loan repayment premiums discovered that the mortgage was a challenge when it came to paying. There w ere many houses available for selling. The economy was strained and people were not willing to purchase when the economy was not thriving. There was little selling activity when compared with the prevailing trends and previous years. The financial sector had been giving mortgage with security. The large institutions could be given larger mortgages backed with security so that they could enable employees purchase the homes. The real estate markets in Arizona represented their value using the property worth in mortgage. Consequently, the lenders had successfully invested in many buying homes. As a result, a lot of property ended up as fore closures. With the increase in fore closure, the securities were not worthy. The arrangement to offer many people homes instead become unsuccessful and led to more challenges. Crook (23) mentions that, mortgages enable people to own home.

TURING MACHINE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TURING MACHINE - Essay Example In spite of its minimalism, a Turing machine could be modified to reproduce the logic of some computer algorithm, as well as this machine is mainly useful in illuminating the operations of a CPU within of a computer (Suber, 2002). This paper will present deep analysis of the different functionalities, operations, and uses of Turing machine. According to Weisstein (2009) the concept of the Turing machine was initially presented by Alan Turing in 1937. He also invented the initial Turing machine that was presented like an idealized model intended for mathematical computation. A Turing machine composed of a line of cells acknowledged as a "tape" that can be moved back as well as forth. In a Turing machine there is an active component "head" that has a feature acknowledged as "state" that is capable to transform the attribute recognized as "color" of the active cell below it, and also a set of commands for how the head needs to be adjusted by the active cell as well as shift the tape. In addition, the machine can transform the color of the Turing machine active cell at any step. Also, it can transform the position of the head, and moving the tape one step towards right or left (Weisstein, Turing Machine, 2009; Sipser, 2005). Copeland (2000), discusses about Universal Turing Machine (UTM), which is a Turing machine that is capable to replicate other Turing machine. An additional mathematically-oriented description by a related "universal" nature was presented by Alonzo Church, whose effort on lambda calculus linked with Turing in a prescribed hypothesis of computation identified as the Church–Turing theory. The theory presents that a Turing machines certainly holds the informal view of useful technique in mathematics as well as in logic, and also offers an accurate explanation of a mechanical procedure or algorithm (Copeland, 2000). According to Aanderaa (2006), a

Toyotas Position in the Automobile Industry Research Paper

Toyotas Position in the Automobile Industry - Research Paper Example The competencies are responsible for the growth of an organization’s core products which in turn support the growth of other business units. Eventually, the business units are responsible for the production of the end products. This has been the case of Toyota. Toyota is among the most successful businesses in the global car manufacturing market. The success of the company is attributed to its core competencies and capabilities.   Toyota entered the vehicle manufacturing market with the few competencies and low capabilities that saw the company manufacture small volumes of cars annually. In 1947, the company could only manage to manufacture 100,000 cars only. The company was small in size and had limited resources and capacity to produce significant volumes for its market. This situation was compounded by the fact that the company was a new entrant in the car manufacturing market. However, the company made the first step towards growth by creating a team of visionary manager s that had competent skills in the manufacturing of cars and the management of the company in the new Japanese market. The operations of the company were directed by the exceptional skills of the founder. The founding team has been at center of the management of the company because of the management principles that they managed to establish when Toyota was making entry into the car manufacturing industry.   In terms of effectiveness, the company produces such large volumes but still maintain quality.  For instance, in the year 1962, the company was taking 15 minutes to change dies but the time was later reduced to only 3 seconds in its current production process.  

Compare and contrast the work and lives of Walter Gropius and Oscar Essay

Compare and contrast the work and lives of Walter Gropius and Oscar Niemeyer - Essay Example The art of architecture is not in its defiance of function, but in its ability to create a form through which functioning within the structure takes on meaning. Walter Gropius created a school in which the exploration of craft, art, and the functionality of a building through the form of its design was explored. His theories on teaching were based upon ideas of innovation and his students were encouraged to create their world by working with materials so that they could find how they could be used in expressive and innovative ways. Gropius must be understood to understand how the rest of Modernity through architecture has been achieved. Oscar Niemeyer is still a working architect, even at the age of 106. At the age of 101 he wrote his memoirs, explaining the trajectory of his life and how his politics prevented his work in the West and despite them he was still able to contribute to architecture because of his beautiful and extraordinary curvaceous forms. Although he was a Communist and he was dealing with the world as it was conditioned during the 1940s and 1950s to deny those who believed in Communist politics to work, he was still able to be a contributing architect to the UN building and to build beautiful works of art within which public functions could be accomplished. Gropius and Niemeyer were contemporaries, although Niemeyer was younger. Their histories intersect in the United States where the German born Gropius had migrated to Boston and Niemeyer was asked to become the dean of the Harvard Graduate School of Design, the second post that he would have to decline because of his associations with the Communist Party and the political climate in the 1950s. Walter Gropius Walter Gropius was born in 1883 and died in 1969, leaving behind a legacy of innovation and a history of teaching those ideas that he came to discover. Along with Oscar Niemeyer, who is the second subject of this paper, was a pioneer of modern architecture and ideas on form. Lupfer, Sige l, and Gropius write that without knowledge about Gropius, Modern architecture cannot be understood. His ability to communicate was his most powerful resource as he could not draw well.1 Therefore it was necessary for his associates to create what he could describe, his work the result of collaborations with those who could put into a drawing what he could not. His ability to communicate resulted in founding the Staatliches Bauhaus, or more commonly just referred to as the Bauhaus, was a school that was focused on the arts and craft.2 Craft is often seen as something less in modern interpretations, but the true idea of craft is the ability to build something that is high quality and with fine design. It might be said that art interprets life while craft enables it. Something is crafted when raw materials are developed into something that can be used in the everyday. Gropius said that â€Å"Let us then create a new guild of craftsmen without the class distinctions that raise an arro gant barrier between craftsman and artist!†3 Of course, not all art is interpretation and not all craft is used in the everyday, but it is a good way to consider the two. The Bauhaus was likely the direct result of the

Frontline Employees and Ethical Dilemmas Assignment

Frontline Employees and Ethical Dilemmas - Assignment Example Nurturing Customer Relations Customer relation is imperative in business management. Experts posit that its effectiveness depends on top management’s commitment to exemplify leadership, strategic direction, and entrepreneurial goals (Cap Gemini and International Data Corporation, 1999). Business managers conjectured that customer-focused model demand management to train and improve workers’ skills and knowledge on customer relations. It is essential to motivate them and to become more responsive and sensitive to customer needs and behaviors (Chen & Popvich, 2003). It improves performance management skills and reduces some unnecessary protestation or disagreements. Reward and incentive program and team-building can also increase workers’ commitment to performing their tasks well (Chen & Popvich, 2003). The management must also use the driver for changes to be adaptive with trends, like the use of information technology to reach home-based customers and to develop a database on purchases made and products or services consumed (Chen & Popvich, 2003). ... This database provides an innovative dimension to understand customer behavior and to deliver their needs effectively and timely (Chen, 2001). Such innovations, radically changed the approaches to managing customers as business intelligence applications (Chen, 2001) allow interactive communication through heterogeneous sources. IT reduced traditional marketing research processes e.g. customer surveys and group-based discussion (Chen, 2001) and proved the accuracy of information in profit analysis (Chen, 2001). Ethical Dilemma & Some Empirical Examples Despite modernization aiding customer representatives, there remain many ethical dilemmas which executives must manage by setting procedures as support mechanisms. Ethical dilemma put a person in a situational reflection on moral imperatives. This oftentimes happens while workers are in a social interaction with customers or co-workers, especially when the workplace is serving a multicultural and multiethnic setting. A person is faced w ith a question: right or wrong? good or evil? Which to choose? However, business ethics vary depending on the vision, mission, vision and the ethical policies adopted by the company and of the management. In hospitals, for instance, medical practitioners adhere to Code of Medical Ethics which mandated them to consider foremost the welfare of their patients by adhering to honorable behavior and by providing the competent medical care to patients (American Medical Association, 2011). To cite Case 2, the surgeon was confronted with the dilemma about instituting euthanasia or not to a patient in a vegetative state following an accident. Family members of the patient requested the institution of euthanasia after learning the impossibility of patients’ survival.  

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Final Exam - Essay Example Leibniz essay was in response to an earlier publication of Pierre Bayle who argued that the presence of evil in the world proved that God was not all good. The study of Theodicy involves studying and understanding the concept that God allows humans to suffer even though He is good and omnipotent. This has baffled many philosophers for ages and many students of theology have given several explanations and understanding. The four main theodicy are enestological, protological, eschatological and Christological. Enestological theodicy focuses on the present time. It states that in spite of the existence of evil in the world God conquers evil with His goodness at all times. Eschatolological theodicy is the belief that suffering is temporary and God will bring an end to suffering sometime in the future. This reasoning predicts that good will be compensated ultimately. The righteous will be vindicated in the end. Protological theodicy looks at Gods plan for humanity. The Garden of Eden serves as an example of this type of theodicy. God had everything planned for humanity. Everything was provided including food and companionship but man had a choice other than what God’s plan for him. Christological theodicy concentrates on the goodness of God rather than on righteousness. It looks at God’s grace and how His love surrounds us. If one examines the life of Christ it is filled with images of His love and grace rather than of Him being judgmental. The prophets in the Old Testament share similar views about suffering. One common theme is that suffering comes from man’s disobedience to God’s will. Moses continually told the people about the consequences of obedience as well as disobedience. â€Å"If you continue to heed the voice of the Lord, your God and are careful to observe all His commands which I enjoin on you today, the Lord, your God will raise you high above all the nations of the earth† (Deuteronomy 28:1). On the other hand he also

The Social Contract of John Locke Essay Example for Free

The Social Contract of John Locke Essay Introduction The concept of the social contract comes from Socrates, as described by Plato in Crito. â€Å"Then the laws will say: ‘Consider, Socrates, if we are speaking truly that in your present attempt you are going to do us an injury. For, having brought you into the world, and nurtured and educated you, and given you and every other citizen a share in every good which we had to give, we further proclaim to any Athenian by the liberty which we allow him, that if he does not like us when he has become of age and has seen the ways of the city, and made our acquaintance, he may go where he pleases and take his goods with him. None of us laws will forbid him or interfere with him. Anyone who does not like us and the city, and who wants to emigrate to a colony or to any other city, may go where he likes, retaining his property. But he who has experience of the manner in which we order justice and administer the state, and still remains, has entered into an implied contract that he will do as we commend him. And he who disobeys us is, as we maintain, thrice wrong; first, because in disobeying us he is disobeying his parents; secondly, because we are the authors of his education; thirdly, because he has made an agreement with us that he will duly obey our commands; and he neither obeys them nor convinces us that our commands are unjust; and we do not rudely impose them, but give him the alternative of obeying or convincing us;—that is what we offer, and he does neither (Philosophy, 2011).† According to social contract theory (SCT), morality consists in the set of rules governing behavior that rational people would accept, on condition that others accept them as well (Kary, 2000). There are several implications of SCT. These implications are things that are necessary for the survival of any society (Kary, 2000). 1. Protection of life and property. This will create the need for a police force. So as to insure that murders, assault, theft and vandalism crimes are not committed. 2. Rules that would be needed to secure the benefits of social living. This is creating consequences for the breaking of contracts (e.g. promises) and a general requirement of truth-telling. 3. Protection of society against outside threats. This implication creates the need for an army. 4. Other  important stuff – these are things that are arguably, should be a part of the social contract (i.e. it would be in everyone’s interest to have them include (Kary, 2000). The caveat to that is, a society might be able to survive (if not thrive) without them. The author will discuss the different theories but more specifically John Locke’s social contract theory and how it relates to the criminal justice system and security agents. Four Main Social Contract Theories There are four critical social contract theories that the author will discuss, compare and contrast. They are: consent of the governed, natural law and constitutionalism, tacit consent and voluntarism. Consent of the Governed â€Å"Consent of the governed† is a phrase from the United States Declaration of Independence. It is synonymous with a political theory wherein a government’s legitimacy and moral right to use state power is only justified and legal when derived from the people or society over which the political power is exercised (Bookman, 1984). This theory of â€Å"consent† is historically contrasted to the divine right of kings and has often been invoked against the legitimacy of colonialism (Bookman, 1984). There are several types of consent: unanimous consent, hypothetical consent and overt versus tacit consent (Bookman, 1984). The details of each type of consent are not discussed in this project, but are mentioned so that the reader is aware that they exist. Natural law and Constitutionalism Natural law is a law or body of laws that derives from nature and is believed to be binding upon human actions apart from or in conjunction with laws established by human authority. Constitutionalism in its simplest form is â€Å"a complex of ideas, attitudes, and patterns of behavior elaborating the principle that the authority of government derives from and is limited by a body of fundamental law. Tacit Consent. The (law) tacit is passive approval of someone’s wrongdoing. Also it is also described as secret approval or connivance. Another way of saying this is  when one does not actually state their agreement, but does not raise any objection (in voice or in writing) to a certain course of action (i.e.; by standing mute). Voluntarism. Voluntarism is use of or reliance on voluntary action to maintain an institution, carry out a policy, or achieve an end. It is also a theory or doctrine that regards the will as the fundamental principle of the individual or the universe rather than the intellect as the fundamental agency or principle in human activities and experience. John Locke’s Social Contract Theory Social Contract Theory. Social contract is the convention between men that aims to discard the state of nature. Under state of nature people live without government or written laws. People live under principles of justice that all normal people can see through reason, they include right to life, liberty and estates. Most people seek to follow these principles but the problem is lack of explicit written laws that leads to uncertainty and difficulty to resolve disputes (Nyamaka, 2011). Nyamaka (2011) discusses the solution to the problems under state of nature becomes a social contract where people agree to obey the state, let the state make and enforce laws and people pay the state for its services. The state sets up legislatures, impartial judges and enforcers. Within this agreement the government’s duty is to protect everyone’s rights and if the government violates the social contract, people may overthrow it (Nyamaka, 2011). There are two fundamental ideas that are expressed in the social contract in which the human mind always clings the value of liberty; the idea that â€Å"will† and not force is the basis of government; and the value of justice or the idea that â€Å"right† and not â€Å"might† is the basis of all political society and every system of political order. Key Principles Now in looking at social contract theory through the reasoning eyes of John Locke’s we find that he argued that sovereignty resided in the people for whom governments were trustees and that such government could be legitimately overthrown if they failed to discharge their functions to the people (Nyamaka, 2011). Locke worked to erect effective safeguards against  violations of natural law by the government. He consistently voiced the idea that sovereign did not take all rights; the principle rights remained with the people. Locke also argued that sovereignty did not reside in the state (government) but with the people, and that the state was supreme, but only if it was bound by civil and natural law (Kary, 2000). It is to be noted that Locke believed in the governed as the basis of sovereignty and the state of the guarantor of individuals’ liberty. It needs to be understood that to Locke, under social contract power was surrendered not to the sovereign but to the comm unity. He said, â€Å"there and there only was a political society where everyone in the society had quitted his natural power, resigned it up into the hands of the community† (Nyamaka, 2011). In using the â€Å"there and there only†, Locke was emphasizing the importance of the WILL of the people in forming a political society (Nyamaka, 2011). In this society/community every member surrendered his/her natural power with free will explicitly or implicitly and resigned it in the hands of the community in exchange for the discharge of functions to the people, therefore a political society becomes with power to preserve property and punish offences (Kary, 2000). Moving through this process the author will now look at how John Locke’s theory relates to the Bill of Rights. The U.S. Bill of Rights. In looking at John Locke’s social contract theory, one sees in this process that the power cannot be more than that of the people or more than the power that the people had in a state of nature before they entered into a society and gave it to the community for nobody can give more than what he/she has. In looking at John Locke’s explanation of the term community signifies the government of the people by the people for the people, understanding this means that community rights will/should prevail over individual rights and the rights are surrendered in to community because the sovereign is the people and only comes for the people. Hence, hands of the community mean the governor who is governing by the WILL of the people (Nyamaka, 2011). Criminal Justice System and Security Settings The social contract theory established the written law of the people, constituting the fundamental goods and evils according to agreed morals.  Though Locke’s ideals of liberty were primitive in the seventeenth century, creating a contract to govern due process was the foundation for the government statues. Locke’s influence for a fair and consistent government is present with the Constitution of the law. The greater good of the community was intended with the written set of rules to govern society’s checks and balance of power by political absolutism.  Some would or may say that Locke’s theory was flawed in the seventeenth century; it enlightened the idea of a legislative body for the people and introducing the importance of a written rule of law to create a contract for society to maintain an ordered and structured means of living. Personal Rights and Ethical Standards and Obligation Personal rights are the rights that a person has over their own body. Among personal rights are associated rights to protect and safeguard the body, most obviously protected by the torts of assault and battery. Ethical standards are a type of moral philosophy. They are simply defined as principles that promote values such as good behavior, fairness, kindness and trust. Obligation is the act of binding oneself by a social, legal, or moral tie (Jackson, 2002). When it comes to social contract theory one will in some way give up some of their rights and lower their ethical standards so as to feel some level of safety within the community that they live (Jackson, 2002). Conclusion In conclusion, it is important to recognize that although individuals have a right of self-defense in the of nature, when they enter into society under the social contract, the pooling of that right transforms it into a duty to defend the community, and therefore to risk or sacrifice one’s life, liberty, or property if such defense should require it (Shankman, 2004). References Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2004, October 15). Retrieved 08 09, 2013, from lep.utm.edu: http://www.iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/#SH3b. Bookman, J. T. (1984). Lockes Contract: Would people consent to it. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 357-68. Cook, V. (2000, August 26). Epicurus. Retrieved 08 09, 2013, from www.epicurus.net: http://www.epicurus.net/en/principal.html. Jackson, A. (2002). Science of Ethics. Retrieved from Arthur M. Jackson: http://www.arthurmjackson.com/Mentor.html. Kary, J. (2000). Contract Law and the Social Contract: What Legal History Can Teach Us About the Political Theory Hobbes and Locke. 31 Ottawa Law Review 73. Nyamaka, D. M. (2011). Social Contract Theory of John Locke (1632-1740) In the Contemporary World. Selected Works, 1-15. Philosophy, S. E. (2011, January 20). Standford Enclyclopedia of Philosopy. Retrieved from Standford.Edu: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/contractarianism/#3. Shankman, K. (2004). Natural Law Constitutionlism and the Culture of Death. Catholic Social Science Review, 61-79. Skinner, Q. (1978). The Foundations of Modern Political Thought: Volume 2: The Age of the Reformation (Vol. 2). Cambridge: Cambridge University.