Essay on Great Achievements of Women of the Wild West

Have you ever wondered where we would be without the women of the Wild West? The most obvious we would be extinct, because there would be no reproduction of offspring. Women were needed for this reason, but there was so many more contributions that they made. Women were important in founding this great land. The women traveled with their men in hopes of getting free land out west, but it was a different story when they arrived. The winters were bad, rain was often lacking, and therefore, the crops did not grow. As a result, food was not plentiful. Many of the settlers almost starved to death. Women had to provide and support their families by cooking, cleaning, planting food, making clothes, washing clothes, mending clothes and,†¦show more content†¦Not to mention, they had to make the clothes usually from spun material or if they were lucky enough to have a general store to by the fabric by the piece or yard. If new material was not available, they cut up whatever t hey had like old curtains, flour sacks, even the canvas from the buggy. Wash day was a very tedious task for the women of the Wild West. The women carried the water from the creek, heated the water, washed the clothes on a scrub board, hung the clothes to dry, and then took them down to return them to the house; this had to take almost the whole day. Therefore, the rest of their work accumulated until the next day. This is kind of like when you miss a day of work and you return often the work is waiting for you the next day; coworkers only do what is necessary for them to complete their tasks. Women should receive more recognition for killing game in the absence of their husband. When the husbands went on a long journey or even to the nearest town it could take days before their return. Women would go out into the wild and kill the meat for the family and then come inside and cook it for the family. Women deserve recognition for the contributions to the Wild West. When their husbands where away from home they had to do it all. They cooked, cleaned, killed wild game, planted the fields, and whatever else needed to be done at the time. They did all this and bore children and took care of them too. Women had toShow MoreRelatedThe Wild West Of America2178 Words   |  9 PagesTHE WILD WEST OF AMERICA The Wild West of America, or what historian referred to as the Old West, since the 1800’s men and women all wanted to move to the west to start a new life, have land, find gold and silver ,and to escape the law hence the Wild West. The West of the U.S. started off from the west of the Mississippi all the way to the west coast. With all the open land and the people in the west, legends and stories are being made throughout time, and these stories are for the future generationRead MoreThe Hippie Subculture Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hippie Movement: The Philosophy behind the Counterculture The sixties was a decade of liberation and revolution, a time of great change and exciting exploration for the generations to come. It was a time of anti-war protests, free love, sit-ins, naked hippie chicks and mind-altering drugs. In big cities such as San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York and Paris, there was a passionate exchange of ideas, fiery protests against the Vietnam War, and a time for love, peace and equality. The comingRead MoreAnalysis Of Dragon s Village, Things Fall Apart, And Man Of The People1460 Words   |  6 PagesEarth and Water and Iciar Bollain’s juxtaposition piece, Even the Rain that emphasize the circumstances that occurred in India and Bolivia. A master at providing alternative context to Africa and concepts of decolonization, Chinua Achebe wrote a great amount of literary work, including, Things Fall Apart (1956) and A Man of the People (1966). The first novel, occurring both before and during Nigeria’s neo colonial period, depicts the relationship between Okonkwo and his Igbo tribe in Umuofia. WithRead MoreThe Reflection Of F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby 1546 Words   |  7 Pages2015 The Reflection of Fitzgerald’s Life in The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby echoes with experiences of Francis Scott Fitzgerald through relationships and descriptions among the characters, the depiction of the era, as well as the juxtaposition between the multiple â€Å"worlds† within the novel. Fitzgerald lived in the time after WWI where the novel takes place; American life had major changes, the people started to become more materialistic, women obtained the right to vote, parties became a typicalRead MoreArt Piece 2 : Arch Of Titus Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesarch celebtrates Titus capture of Jewish temple used for military precession, parades gift to the city bc it makes people in rome feel proud reminders to roman people that all treasures come from war, but emperor brings them and makes their city great Art piece 3: Augusta of Primaporta Dated: This art piece was dated Basic outline: The Octavian princeps-son of a monarch, consul-official appointed by a government, imperator-equivalent to commander, Pontifex Maixmus- high priest Details: BasicRead MoreBuffalo Bill and Disney Essay2756 Words   |  12 PagesBill â€Å"taught† the history of the West to a curious nation, Disneyland embarked on a strikingly similar course. Relying on creative marketing, star appeal, the American fascination with all things western, and, most important, an exceedingly glib portrayal of history, Disneyland in a strange way completed the story that Buffalo Bill started in 1883. Although the eras, to be sure, were decidedly different, history was delivered in exactly the same way. The west is an idea that has always fascinatedRead More Comparing the Perversion of Values in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman1642 Words   |  7 PagesPerversion of Values in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman      Ã‚   Throughout History there are many examples of perversions, from sexual, social to the very morals themselves. One of the greatest examples is the continuous corruption of the American Dream. As the Dream evolves, it tends to conform to the illicit dealings of the time and immortals of society. No longer is an individual interested in working hard to achieve goals, it is desirous of the quick fix. Society wants its wishesRead More Ben Jerrys Essay3374 Words   |  14 Pagescandy conversation hearts and hand signed valentines to employees to let them know how much we love them. Jungle Party: One year, a particularly wild group of employees dressed up in whatever jungle outfits they had hanging in their closets and went to a party featuring jungle music, limbo contests, and prizes such as a trip for two to The Great Adventure ... all courtesy of the Joy Gang. Elvis Presley Day: Our most popular event to date, complete with an Elvis look-alike contest, an ElvisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Analysis5626 Words   |  23 PagesIntroduction â€Å"The Great Gatsby†Ã‚  is a  novel  by the  American  author  F. Scott Fitzgerald. First published in 1925, it is set on  Long Islands  North Shore  and in  New York City  from spring to autumn of 1922. The novel takes place following the  First World War. American society enjoyed prosperity during the â€Å"roaring†Ã‚  as the economy soared. At the sameRead MoreTechnology That Changed Global Living1586 Words   |  7 Pagescountry. The railroad was first invented in Great Britain by George Stephenson. â€Å"Railroads would drop shipping cost by 60 % - 70%.† The Railroad helped economic growth in the west. More goods could be imported out there since businesses and other goods were scarce because it was newly settled. The building of railroads also created more jobs; the making on the actual locomotive, the railroad ties themselves, and outing them together. One of the biggest achievements of the 19th century was the Transcontinental

20 Quotations About Young Love

Young love—so naive, so immature, so unsophisticated, yet ever so charming! Every generation warns the next of the heartaches and the heartbreaks that come with this love, yet, each generation is eager to experience it. Authors have tried to express the happy occurrence that we call young love. Here are some such young love quotes. Margaret Atwood, The Blind Assassin: A Novel The young habitually mistake lust for love, theyre infested with idealism of all kinds. Richard Dahm, The Middle, episode: A Tough Pill to Swallow, 2016, Frankie Heck Wind power, water power, coal power—how great would it be if you could harness the power of a young man in love? Criss Jami,  Killosophy â€Å"Its a good sign but rare instance when, in a relationship, you find that the more you learn about the other person, the more you continue to desire them. A sturdy bond delights in that degree of youthful intrigue. Love loves its youth.†Ã‚   Ta-Nehisi Coates â€Å"What I am telling you is that you do not need to know to love, and it is right that you feel it all in any moment. And it is right that you see it through—that you are amazed, then curious, then belligerent, then heartbroken, then numb. You have the right to all of it.† Alessandra Torre,  The Ghostwriter â€Å"There is nothing like young love. It comes at a time before the heart knows to protect itself, when everything important is raw and exposed—the perfect environment for a soul-sucking, heart-crushing burst.†Paige P. Horne,  If Id Known Young love is like a raging fire that cant be tamed. Its addictive and borderline obsessive. Satisfying in every way, yet never getting enough. Im the flames, and hes the fuel keeping me burning. We are perfect.† Liz Thebart,  Walk Away   â€Å"Beginnings are easy, but after that, happiness takes some work.†Ã‚   Eoin Colfer,  Airman â€Å"Young love is common, but that doesnt mean its not precious.†Muse, â€Å"Lollypopthe passion contained merely kissesplaced upon lips, neck and cheekthese young lovers of the castleof which our fairytale speaks†Ã‚   Justin Go,  The Steady Running of the Hour â€Å"It didnt matter. I was young and we were together.† Daphne du Maurier,  Rebecca   â€Å"I am glad it cannot happen twice, the fever of first love. For it is a fever, and a burden, too, whatever the poets may say. They are not brave, the days when we are twenty-one. They are so full of little cowardices, little fears without foundation, and one is so easily bruised, so swiftly wounded, one falls to the first barbed word.† William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, Romeo Ah me! how sweet is love itself possessd,When but loves shadows are so rich in joy! A.P.,  Sabine   You must ask the young if you want to know what love is. Only they are deep enough in it to describe. We older ones have clues and simulacra, we base our judgment, like pathologists do, on the dents and scars and sediments of hearts long kept in formaldehyde. It is the pulsing heart you want to probe: the pulsing, beating, leaping, dipping, fluttering heart of a seventeen-year-old.†Ã‚   Chang-rae Lee,  On Such a Full Sea â€Å"For no matter the shadows of an age, the picture of a young couple in love, we are told, speaks most luminously of the future, as the span of that passion makes us believe we can overleap any walls, obliterate whatever obstacles.†Ã‚   Benjamin DisraeliThe magic of first love is our ignorance that it can ever end. Maya AngelouThe loss of young first love is so painful that it borders on the ludicrous. Nicholas Sparks Theres no love like the first.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anonymous When a man is in love for the first time he thinks he invented it. Lang Leav,  Sad Girls Your first love isnt the first person you give your heart to―its the first one who breaks it. George Bernard Shaw First love is only a little foolishness and a lot of curiosity.

Violent Video Games Do NOT Cause Violence Essay - 1827 Words

People have always been looking for a reason why horrible things happen. The media is quick to blame video games as the target and cause of many shootings that have occurred, ever since Columbine and Quake. People have been blaming video games for violence for years now, ever since violent video games have been made. News reports blame video games more and more for each shooting, telling the public how this person played video games for x amount of hours a day, and that video games caused him or her to shoot people, and how video games encourage and reward violence. Anti-video game lobbyists have been campaigning to have violence removed from video games, citing resources that they themselves have created as reasons for†¦show more content†¦Even with all these precautions in place, people have been calling for more and more research, not confident that the ESRB, even though it’s the most strict, is strict enough with its games. Video games have been around since 1958, when physicist William Higinbotham created Tennis for Two to entertain guests for the Brookhaven national Laboratory. MIT arguably created the first real and widely known video game in the late 1960s, Spacewar!. Many people think that the first commercially available game is Pong!, this on the other hand, is not true. The first commercially available video game was called Computer Space. It was an arcade game much like Spacewar!, the only difference being that Computer Space used more processing power and new technology, and that it was the first arcade game as well, not available to personal computers or home televisions. The Magnavox Odyssey was the first home console that was available for the general public. It featured a controller much like the one that pong would eventually make, except that its two dials controlled vertical and horizontal, rather than just vertical. The Magnavox Odyssey as a console was eventually a huge failure, leavi ng tens of thousands unsold. Games continued to be produced for households, with the most noticeable violent game releasing on August 18, 1995. The game was called Mortal Kombat, the game depicted twoShow MoreRelatedYouth Violence: Identify the Cause and Work Towards Prevention1494 Words   |  6 Pagesdictionary, Violence is the exertion of physical force so as to injure or abuse. Violence is often a behavioral response that children are taught to use in order to achieve their goals. On the other hand, violence can become a routine and automatic way of coping with stressful situations for some children (Youth Violence and Suicide Prevention Team 1999). You violence is an old problem that is frequently an issue over which there is much debate. Unfortunately, the increasing violence amongst childrenRead MoreViolent Video Games And Aggressive Behavior3372 Words   |  14 PagesViolent Video Games And Aggressive Behavior Jamal St.Germain Introduction Since we live in a technology age, technology is being formed into entertainment for people of all ages such as video games and television. Although, these forms of entertainment are a good way to stay informed, they can also be corrupting different ages Behavior differentiation has been an all-time high for children all over the U.S, and many researchers have found the reasoningRead MoreViolent Video Games and Their Effect on Children2104 Words   |  9 PagesBrinker Professor Colbert English 128-03 7 April 2010 Violent Video Games and Their Effect on Children Ever since the creation of the first video game, they have had a certain effect on the individuals who play them. As video games have become more advanced and elaborate, children’s interest is at an all time high. With the degree of violence that has been a part of video games since the early 1990’s, parents and activists have claimed that these games are affecting children negatively. This claim onlyRead MoreOverview of Neuroimagery Essay1695 Words   |  7 Pagesneurological and cognitive research purposes, along with the diagnosis of metabolic diseases (e.g. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s). Neuroimagery enables us to directly visualize the processing of information by the centres of the brain. This processing causes the involved area of the brain to increase metabolism and as a result highlight itself on the screen in a prominent colour. The first neuroimaging technique was known as the â€Å"Human Circulation Balance†, which was invented by Angelo Masso in the 1880’sRead More Violent Video Games and Aggression in Children Essay3450 Words   |  14 PagesOver the past 30 years, playing video games has become one of the most popular hobbies worldwide. Not only has the video game industry become a multi-billion dollar industry, but it has attracted people from all age types. While video games today are played by both kids and adults, there are many issues being raised regarding the effects of video games. More particular, is the effect that violent video games may be having on children. Some critics argue that video games are direct indicators of childRead MoreComputer and Internet in Education13526 Words   |  55 Pagesencouraging violent behavior. This article provides an overview of the limited research on the effects of home computer use on children’s physical, cognitive, and social developm ent. Initial research suggests, for example, that access to computers increases the total amount of time children spend in front of a television or computer screen at the expense of other activities, thereby putting them at risk for obesity. At the same time, cognitive research suggests that playing computer games can be anRead MoreFan Violence: Whos to Blame?2527 Words   |  11 Pagesthere. Reggie Smith, (Berger, 1990). Spectator violence at sporting events has been recorded throughout history. People who have power over the events, often team owners, indirectly influence the amount of spectator violence by encouraging the factors contributing to violence, in order to benefit themselves. Sale of alcohol, encouraging crowd intensity, creating rivalries, and targeting social groups, are factors affecting the degree of spectator violence and can be proven to be influenced by the ownerRead MoreEffect of Electronic Media on Children4822 Words   |  20 PagesIndia. Correspondence to: Munni Ray, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India. munniray1@yahoo.com Radio, television (TV), movies, video games, cell phones, and computer networks have assumed central roles in our children’s daily lives. The media has demonstrated potentially profound effects, both positive and negative, on children’s cognitive, social, and behavioral development. ConsideringRead MoreModern Electronics and Todays Youth2778 Words   |  12 Pagesgadgets, they wanted to have it in just a snap of a second. This had been also my topic for the purpose that I am an Electronics and Communication Engineering student and I wanted to know if what kind product he must invest and produce that would not cause any harm on youths’ life. Another purpose of this study is to open the eye of the youth in reality. This saying made by Dr. Jose Rizal, our hero, might be so old, Youth is the Hope of our Fatherland,† but how could this be possible if the youth heRead MoreFootball Hooliganism11213 Words   |  45 PagesHooliganism Overview The destructive and unruly behavior of extraordinarily zealous football fans is referred to as football hooliganism. The participants of football hooliganism who support their respective football clubs demonstrate all kinds of violent behaviors including scuffling, sabotage and intimidation (Another sorry outbreak of the England disease, 2004). This behavior is most often based on the rivalry that exists between different football clubs or teams and can give rise to great conflicts

Social Penetration Theory By Irwin Altman And Dalmas Taylor

Introduction Relationships are like onions, they take time to open up and you have to peel layer by layer to get to the center. Life happens, people come and go and the relationships that are made happen over time. A relationship is built over prolonged exposure to someone and they do not happen over night. When you first meet a person most judge, they look at a person’s appearance, their behavior, and their overall attitude. But as time goes on and you get to know someone on a more personal level you learn whom he or she really is. This idea is called the social penetration theory. Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor established the social penetration theory in 1973. They created this theory to have a better understanding of intimate relationships between two people. The social penetration theory is important to the communication process because it looks at how relationships develop and how over time relationships evolve from where they stared by self-disclosure. With the social penetration th eory as the main focus and with the support from communication studies, this paper is assessing the formation of new relationships. Theoretical Discussion Self-disclosure is the voluntary sharing of personal history, preferences, attitudes, feelings, values, secrets, etc. with another person (Griffin, p. 97). As stated in the introduction Altman and Taylor look at relationships as an â€Å"onions.† The different layers are representative of different feelings of a person. WhenShow MoreRelatedThe Social Penetration Theory By Irwin Altman Dalmas Taylor1431 Words   |  6 PagesAs humans continuously create and interpret messages, studying the theory of communication provides a means of understanding how communication works, what it produces, and what alters the way it works (CITATION). In this paper I will discuss how the social penetration theory explains the development of closeness in relationships. The social penetration theory was developed in 1973 by Irwin Altman Dalmas Taylor. Social penetration is the developing intimacy within a relationship through reciprocatedRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory : Crazy, Love1117 Words   |  5 PagesMaggie Decena Professor McNelis September 22nd, 2017 Application of Social Penetration Theory The film Crazy, Stupid, Love depicts the dissolution of Cal Weaver’s once perfect life. High school sweethearts living in a suburban town with steady jobs and kids, Cal and his wife Emily share the illusion of a picture-perfect love story. However, when Emily reveals her act of adultery, she asks Cal for a divorce. Cal falls into a deep depression that leads him to bask in his sorrows at singles barsRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory827 Words   |  4 PagesFounder of the theory The founders of the theory were Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor. Altman is a distinguished professor of psychology at the University of Utah whereby Taylor is a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Arlington. Altman and Taylor developed this theory to provide an understanding of the closeness between two individuals. Apparently, social penetration is defined as a process that moves a relationship from non-intimate to intimate. The theory states that thisRead MoreSocial Penetration1449 Words   |  6 Pagesscholars have tried to study on how these relationships develop. Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor had developed a theory, social penetration, to explain how relationships are established and explain the four sequential stages humans might go through in order to achieve and/or maintain a relationship. In John Hughes The Breakfast Club, the four stages of social penetration theory are shown when five high school students from different social groups are forced to spend a Saturday together in detention,Read MoreAnalysis Of Altman And Dalmas Taylor s Social Penetration Theory1275 Words   |  6 Pageslives. This cycle of developing, cultivating, and sustaining or ending these relationships continues everyday for our entire lives, and as a result many different theories have been developed to describe just how a complete stranger can become a lifelong friend. One in particular, Iwrin Altman and Dalmas Taylor’s social penetration theory, states that â€Å"the idea that relationships become more intimate over time when partners disclose more and more information about themselves.† This break down ofRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory By Irwin Altman And Dalmas1511 Words   |  7 Pages Irwin Altman and Dalmas introduces Social Penetration theory in chapter 8 and they explain the theory as â€Å"the idea that relationships become more intimate over time when partners disclose more and more information about themselves† (Littlejhon, 2002). This paper will showcase social media and how it relates to how individuals self-disclose in social penetration theory. A short history of social media and the direction it’s headed will also be included. Facebook, a platform has become a phenomenonRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory And The Theory981 Words   |  4 Pages Social Penetration Theory Yunsik Jung Western Kentucky University Abstract Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor originally created the Social Penetration Theory and the theory deals with the ways in which relationships develop and progress. It explains how communication enriches the relationship of two or more individuals. The theory states that closeness develops if communication begins at relatively shallow non-intimate levels and moves in gradual and orderly fashion to deeper more personal levelsRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Penetration Theory1010 Words   |  5 PagesSelected Theory: Social Penetration Theory was created by Irwin Altman, the professor emeritus of psychology at the University of Utah, and Dalmas Taylor, who was provost and professor of psychology at Lincoln University before he passed away. This theory is used to describe the way people grow closer in a â€Å"gradual and orderly fashion from superficial to intimate levels of exchange as a function of both immediate and forecasted outcomes† (Altman Taylor, 1973, pg. 96), which the auth ors of the theoryRead MoreEssay On Social Penetration Theory1328 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Penetration Theory (STP) explains the process of how relationships develop through self-disclosure. (Griffin, Ledbetter Sparks 2015) Through self-disclosure, closeness develops as the relationship continues to grow. To present Social Penetration Theory, I am choosing to write about a personal experience on how my best friend Taylor and I became close. I will be explaining on how Taylor and I developed our relationship overtime through self-disclosure and personality structure. As TaylorRead MoreThe Effects Of Inappropriate Interpersonal Communication On Health And Social Care Settings1210 Words   |  5 Pages1.3 Review methods of dealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication between individuals in health and social care settings. I am reviewing the methods how to use interpersonal communication to deal with individuals in health and social care settings. Interpersonal communication is defined as the verbal and non-verbal interaction between two interdependent people (occasionally more). This comparatively is an easy definition suggests a variety of properties. Interpersonal communication process

Brand audit of cadbury dairy milk free essay sample

The journey of Cadbury started way back in the year 1905 from Bourneville, UK. But it came to Indian market in 1948. From the time it was introduced in India, Dairy Milk has been the market leader in the confectionery segment. It has average daily sales of 1 Million bars. The reason that our group chose Cadbury Dairy Milk for the Brand Audit is that it provides us with ample scope to study the various aspects of Branding like Communication Strategies, Innovative Ad Campaigns, and Emotional Connect with Consumers, Brand Repositioning, and Rebranding etc†¦ We will study the evolution of Cadbury Dairy Milk by focusing on following Aspects: In 1824, John Cadbury opened a shop in Birmingham. This one-man business, trading mainly in Tea Coffee was to be the foundation of Cadbury Limited. For over 100 years Cadbury was a family business. In 1943 non family directors were appointed. In 1847, the enterprise had prospered to a large factory in Bridge Street, Birmingham. John Cadbury took his brother Benjamin into partnership and the family business became Cadbury Brothers Birmingham. The business moved to Bourneville after outgrowing the Bridge Street Factory. The Workforce had risen up to 200 after 32 years at Bridge Street. After the death of two brothers in 1899, the company was privatized. It entered the era of scientific management; it introduced new ideas for their department like: On 2nd February, Kraft Foods took over 71% shares of Cadbury. They acquired it totally. But still Cadbury was on top in the market. This acquisition did not changed people’s mind and their craze for Cadbury Dairy Milk. OPERATIONS Cadbury’s operations are carried out in many countries. Few of them are: BRAND ELEMENTS Dairy Milk has been meticulously built around the world by Cadbury. It has been able to sustain a strong position in the market. There are many branding elements which have resulted into consistent result of its success. Few core Branding Elements are as given below: Not only the above three, But there are many more elements due to which the consistent Branding of Dairy Milk is so very popular. Its different Advertisements, its punch lines etc†¦ It has always kept a strong association with Milk, with slogans such as â€Å"a glass and half of full cream milk in every half pound. And also advertisement which featured a glass of milk pouring out and forming the Dairy Milk bar. Also the ad campaigns are also the important element of Dairy Milk. It made chocolate an eating habit among the consumers, especially the adults. Long back it was a belief that chocolate is only for kids. But Dairy Milk changed this belief. Also they changed the trend of Sweets (Mithai) during the occasions like Diwali, New Year etc†¦ Dairy Milk brought a new trend that whether any occasion, Dairy Milk is best for all. It also gave some famous dialogues from the ads which people remember always. They were also the core brand elements of Dairy Milk. Let us see them below: All these above dialogues were form the very famous and popular ad’s of Dairy Milk. By this ad they wanted to covey to the people that for eating Dairy Milk they do not have to wait for any occasion. They can just have it. Whether they are happy or Sad, But Dairy Milk can be taken in any of the mood. BRAND PORTFOLIO Worldwide In June 1905, Cadbury launched its first Dairy Milk bar, with a higher proportion of milk and it became the best selling product of the company by 1913. Fruit and Nut was introduced in 1928. In 2003, Cadbury made Dairy Milk into a family brand by taking the brands like Caramel, Whole Nut, and Wispa and marketed them as the sub-brands of Dairy Milk. By 2006, there were 15 Dairy Milk sub-brands produced in UK including Shortcake Biscuit, Wafer, Orange Chips, Mint Chips, Crispies and Cream Egg. In following two years these brands were discontinued as they were not successful. Indian Market The Dairy Milk Brand alone accounts for approximately 33% of total Cadbury’s sales. It has made Cadbury the number one confectionery brand in the market. Currently in India, Dairy Milk has following sub-brands under its name. They are; BRAND POSITIONING The Brand Positioning of Cadbury Dairy Milk in mid 90’s was that chocolate is not only for kids but also for adults. And to prove this they immediately released the very popular† Real Taste of Life† campaign , shifting the focus from â€Å"just for kids† to â€Å" kid in all of us†. Let us see the Brand Positioning of Dairy Milk on segmentation bases on two main bases. And they are: Demographic Dairy Milk silk is little higher in cost compared to ordinary Dairy Milk, Fruit and Nut and Crackle. But still people love to have Dairy Milk. Silk is the premium Brand of Dairy Milk Behavioral As we know that Dairy Milk is the only Brand who is the only one to promote chocolate as an important part of Festivals as well as it changed the mind sets of the people that chocolate is not only for kids but for all. The strategy to target adults was taken further with the help of a brand new positioning â€Å"Kuch Meetha Ho Jaye†. For Indians occasions and festivals have utmost importance and Dairy Milk rigorously focused on this point and set a new trend of having Dairy Milk in place of â€Å"Mithai† during the occasions. COMMUNICATION STRATEGY Up to 2002, Cadbury was the one having 70 % market shares in chocolate industry. Out of which 30% was the Dairy Milk alone. This is because of constant re-invention of the brand bombarding communication towards the consumers consistently to maintain the top position in mind recall in confectionery segment. Dairy Milk was awarded as No. 1 most trusted brand in Mumbai 2005 for the edition of Brand Equity’s most trusted Brand Survey. Dairy Milk targeted all the aspects as possible to get into the heart of all the people, of all age groups. For this they communicated with people through different Ad’s Campaigns. Let us see few of them below: Shubh Aarambh was one of successful campaigns of Dairy Milk. This means Auspicious Beginning. With this campaign they said that for whatever you start, start it with Dairy Milk and it will be successful. For this they chose the best to advertise: Amitabh Bacchhan. Tools for Communication Dairy Milk used different media options to communicate different campaigns and promote Dairy milk. They are: TV Advertisements is the most popular method for Dairy Milk to show their new campaigns to people so that they can more and more relate it with their personal lives. They also have ground promotions in different malls. They arrange some contests also to promote their brand. DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY As we know that Dairy Milk holds 30% value share of chocolate market. The demand of chocolate is increasing day by day. And Dairy Milk is no. 1 in that race. Indian market specifically where the penetration of chocolates is increasing, brings a need for efficiency in logistics and distribution. There is stiff competition in the confectionery market due to large exposure of foreign currency rate risk, mainly on account of import of cocoa beans, cocoa butter. Cadbury Dairy Milk is easily available anywhere in the market. Cadbury’s success of proper distribution is their efficiency. PRICING STRATEGY Dairy Milk is positioned towards age group of 4-50, and thus the price is accordingly kept affordable. Also it is easily accessible to all categories. Price range starts from Rs. 5 to Rs. 20 in different sizes. Cadbury Dairy Milk fruit and nut starts from Rs. 30. Dairy Milk Silk is a premium brand and thus the price of it is little higher that is Rs. 50. COMPETITOR’S ANALYSIS In Indian Market, the main players in the confectionery market are Cadbury, Nestle, Candico, ITC and Parle. Let us see the competitors of Cadbury Dairy Milk in detail below Company Founded in Brand Portfolio Kraft Foods 1903 Cadbury Dairy Milk Variants, Eclairs, Bourn vita etc†¦ Nestle 1860 Kitkat, Smarties Ferrero 1940 Rocher, Raffaelo, Nutella Amul 1945 Milk Chocolate, Fruit and Nut chocolate Candico 1997 Loco Poco Gum, Big Bubble ITC 2002(Confectionery Segment) Minto and Candy man Parle 1929 Melody, Mango Bite, Poppins, Kismi, Orange Candy POINT OF PARITY (POP) POINT OF DIFFERENCE (POD) POP’s POD’s OF CADBURY DAIRY MILK Point of Parity Point of Difference Chocolate manufacturing Legacy Goodwill Variants such as Fruit Nut, Dark Chocolate Emotional connect with customers Constant innovation in ads Generic name in Indian chocolate market Good quality products Campaigns targeting from kids to adults Association with milk Excellent distribution systems 2 Layer packaging Dairy Milk is the only one chocolate which says that in occasions also it can be used as sweet. BRAND EXPLORATORY Customer Knowledge Cadbury dairy Milk has been trying to get out of the image of† Just another chocolate† and become something special in the minds of the people. They have also been trying to position themselves as chocolates for all age groups and not just kids. The campaign has successfully created a picture in the mind of the customers that Cadbury is not just a chocolate but means of celebrations. Sources of Brand Equity There are two main sources of Brand Equity and they are: Based on various search results, Cadbury’s Dairy Milk not only enjoys high level of Brand Awareness but unaided Brand Recall. This level of recall is generated when Dairy Milk enjoys The Top of the Mind Effect. The Brand image of Cadbury Dairy Milk plays an important role in building the Brand Equity of Dairy Milk through the medium of unique brand associations. Right from Kuch Meetha Ho Jaye campaign to the recent Shubh Aarambh, Dairy Milk has managed to create strong, unique, and favorable brand associations in the minds of the consumers which is commendable. Brand Recall and Brand image are the strong supports that Dairy Milk has with its all time availability and attractive packaging which only adds to the Brand associations for the Dairy Milk and help build its Brand Equity. Two more important sources of Brand Equity are: \ BRAND AMBASSADORS As we know that previously Dairy Milk was only considered as Chocolate, but their new campaign has changed this perception of consumers. As discussed above now Dairy Milk is considered as Traditional sweet of Indian culture(Mithai) which people give to their near and dear ones on the occasions and now they use Dairy Milk as sweet(Mithai). Brand Ambassador chosen for Dairy Milk is none other than Megastar Amitabh Bacchhan. He endorsed the brand so successfully that everyone loved the brand much more than they did. The endorsement has successfully captured the Indian festivals like Rakshabandhan, Diwali, Wedding, Birthdays etc†¦ Now people give Dairy Milk as token of love, care and affection to their friends and family. DAIRY MILK MENTAL MAP These three form the mental map of Dairy Milk which associates with them the different aspects. Let us see them in detail: CBBE MODEL BRAND MANTRA OF DAIRY MILK SWOT ANALYSIS Strength Weakness Dairy milk is owned by Cadbury which is a globally established brand name known for its manufacturing competency and leadership in innovation. The recent acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft Foods may result in somewhat negative effect on the brand. Dairy Milk has been able to establish a clear and consistent Brand Image over the years. Dairy Milk is somewhat lacking in other emerging markets. It has strong command over its brand image in India and Europe But other places it is lacking. It offers quality product with innovations with crafted communication campaign Certain segment feel that price of Dairy Milk is high and compared to that Amul Milk chocolate is preferred. Dairy Milk has huge command over its distribution network spanning across India. Dairy Milk also enjoys a great Brand Recall value when comes to chocolates with Milk. Threats Opportunities Increasing competition from international brands is biggest threat to Dairy Milk To introduce sugar free category is biggest opportunity for Dairy Milk. Highly price sensitive nature of the industry. Dairy Milk can innovate more by bringing international flavors so that is also gets an opportunity to compete with this threat as well. BRAND STRATEGIES The marketing strategy that a business uses must reflect the objectives of the business as a whole. These strategies must therefore be consistent with the wider corporate objectives of the organization. Strategies are likely to be influenced by the attitudes of decision makers towards matters such as the desirability of risk and change. Such attitudes are influenced not only by the environment within which a business operates but also by the views of Managers and Directors and the culture of business itself. External influences also play a major role in any products advertising, its position in the market. They range from consumers to press and media, and also health and safety laws. PEST Analysis will more clearly throw light on external environment and global factors that may affect Dairy Milk’s Business. This will give a quick and visual representation of the external pressures facing the business and their possible constraints on strategy. PEST means: Political Factors Cadbury at the time of finalizing any marketing strategy will have to think of different political factors regionally, nationally and internationally.

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Question: Identify the good practices related with the management of disciplinary matters in organizations? Answer: Introduction: This assignment discusses the good practices in relation to the management of disciplinary procedures in organizations and explores with the aid of ACAS Code of practice and also the models like the CIPD guidelines. Furthermore, the first part of the assignment discusses the challenges that are present in organizations in relations to the disciplinary processes and practices and have been explored. For this purpose, the key components of a fair disciplinary process have been discussed and some of the challenges that can be faced by the organizations in their attempt to implement a disciplinary process in the organization have also been evaluated. At the same time, recent case law has also been discussed to find out the good practice principles that have been discussed by the courts in these cases. For this purpose, the ACAS Code of Practice provides guidelines to the employers regarding the disciplinary and grievance procedures that need to be adopted by them while dealing with issues that may arise at workplace. It also needs to be noted that although failures on the part of employers to follow those procedure may not make the employer liable for proceedings, but the employment tribunal may note this fact when it is meditating on particular case (ACAS, 2004). It is also worth mentioning that certain challenges may be present regarding the disciplinary practices and procedures that need to be adopted by the employers for the purpose of dealing with these matters. CIPD or the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development also provides definitive and impartial point of view to policymakers and opinion formers. Before proceeding further, it may be helpful to briefly describe what is the meaning of disciplinary and grievance procedures in this context. For this purpose, these procedures are the frameworks that help the employers and employees by providing a clear structure that can be used for the purpose of dealing with the issues arising at the workplace (Kelly, 1998). A large number of HR professionals are wondering why they have to deal with so many time-consuming and costly grievance and disciplinary processes. For example, in a recent report by the CIPD which was titled as conflict management: a shift in direction?, It was found that 47% of of the organizations had trained line managers to deal with "difficult conversations" or to handle conflict. It was also the method to deal with one race issues that revealed the greatest rise in the frequency of use. Therefore, the use of disciplinary action arguments procedure has increased by 29% and 28% respectively. Instead of HR professionals, the line managers are in the best position to find out the potential conflict situations in their teams but they may not have the competence or the competence to intervene. The result is that we may either avoid the issue and eventually becomes out of control. On the other hand, the early interventions by the line managers may backfire as a result of their lack o f skills. The ACAS Code of Practice on disciplinary and grievance procedures provides practical guidance that can be used for handling these issues at the workplace. However, according to the good practices that have been mentioned by the ACAS Code of Practice, it is required that the employers should make sure that all the employees of the organization are treated in the same way under similar circumstances. At the same time, these good practices also require that it is very important for the employers to deal with these matters reasonably and in a fair way (Cully et al., 1999). According to this good practices related with the disciplinary procedures, it is also require that all the applicable laws are followed by the employers and at the same time, the employers also follow the Code of Practice. At this point, it also needs to be mentioned that in most of the cases, the employers have their own procedures to deal with disciplinary matters but these were procedures generally comply with the Code (Law Society, 2008). The CIPD believes that several issues escalate rapidly due to the reason that the employees are too quick in asserting their rights when generally it is simply a case of two people not getting on as a result of ineffective communication. Under such circumstances, the best way is to talk about the underlying reason of conflict. This is also done by the qualified mediators, in a more structured way, however the line managers who have the right skills can also deal with lower levels of conflict equally successfully. The important skills that are required in this regard are active listening, impartiality and effective questioning. At the same time, these procedures should also help the employers in taking appropriate and timely action, whenever required. In this regard, it is also required that the procedure adopted by employers should allow both the employees and employers to agree regarding the appropriate tools as well as the timescale for making improvements regarding the performance or the conduct of an employee (Davies and Freedland, 2007). The disciplinary procedure adopted by the employers should also help in dealing with these matters without taking the help of external processes related resolving disputes or without the need for taking recourse to employment tribunal. Another significant thing is that with the help of the procedure adopted by the employer, it can be established before an employment tribunal that the procedure has been followed by the employer in a case where an employee had made a complaint before the tribunal regarding the way, the employee was dismissed from service by the organiza tion. In this part, certain examples from relevant cases have been discussed with a view to identifying good practice principles. For example, in O'Farrill v New Manage Ltd t/a Hooks Gym London Shootfighters (2011), it was decided by the court that the employer had to clearly explain the alleged misconduct to the employee, during the disciplinary process. At the same time, good practices also require that the employer should remain constant regarding the accusation made by it against the employee throughout the proceedings (Law Society, 2008). As a result, if any new allegations have been discovered by the employer while the disciplinary proceedings are already going on against the employee, such allegations can be made a part of the disciplinary process but in such a case, it is very significant that the disciplinary sanctions that are imposed against the employee are only based on the allegations that have been appropriately investigated and at the same time, only if they have been broug ht to the notice of the employee during the proceedings (Kelly, 1998). Another significant case related with good practices regarding disciplinary procedures is that of Campbell v Mitie Managed Services Ltd. (2009). The issue in this case was that the employee was denied the right to be accompanied during disciplinary proceedings. In this regard, it needs to be noted that although this is a statutory right of employees, still the ACAS Code reminds the employers that they should allow the employees to be accompanied at the disciplinary proceedings. Therefore, the court stated that whenever the employee has been invited to attend any disciplinary or grievance proceeding and such an employee had reasonably requested the employer to allow him or her to be accompanied during these proceedings, the requests should be granted by the employer (Behfar, Mannix and Peterson, 2011). In the same way, in Bentley v Supertravel Omnibus Ltd (2010), the court has stated that in order to have a best chance to successfully defend the claim made in the employment tribunal, clear record should be present with the employers regarding each stage of the disciplinary process. On the other hand, if the witnesses only have to rely on their memory, the court stated that it is very easy for the claimant to point out discrepancies in the evidence (Gibbons, 2007). In this part of the assignment, the policies, procedures and practices related with the disciplinary process adopted by Boots UK have been analyzed. In order to deal with these issues, the company has a Code of Conduct and Business Ethics. This Code provides the principles and standards that need to be upheld by all the employees and other stakeholders and at the same time, they should be adopted and applied by the company in all its dealings including the dealings of the company with its employees. At the same time, although detailed guidelines have been provided by the Code, still in the employee is not sure regarding the appropriate course of action in a particular situation, the employees encouraged to seek guidance. In view of the Code of Practice adopted by Boots UK, it may we recognize that for the purpose of operating effectively, the organizations are required to establish standards related performance and conduct and these may include company rules regarding these matters. In this context, it needs to be noted that there are several potential issues that can be generally resolved by the parties, informally (Gibbons, 2007). For example, in case of issues related with unsatisfactory performance or issues involving minor misconduct can be usually resolved with the help of informal processes. It has been seen that in such cases, avoid with the employee can significantly help in improving the performance or the conduct that particular employee. Regarding the code of conduct that has been adopted by BOOTS UK, it can be said that it is in accordance with the Code of Conduct that has been provided by ACAS and fulfills the requirements related with ensuring fairness in these matters. Are the same ti me, the court also provides a standard of reasonable behavior that can be applied in most of the cases. In this way, it can be said that the Code adopted by the company can help the organization and its employees in effectively dealing with disciplinary matters arising at the workplace (Bennett, 2014). In this regard, there is another significant matter that needs to be noted. For example, the employees have been provided with a statutory right to be accompanied by a trade union representative or a colleague during the disciplinary meetings. On the other hand, if the employer is not satisfied with the decision, they should also follow the appeals procedure present in the organization (Lewis and Simpson, 1981). It also needs to be mentioned in this context that although the law does not prescribe any particular form for conducting a disciplinary meeting, still the ACAS Code of Practice provides basic guidance regarding the disciplinary and grievance matters. In this regard, the principles related with the handling of disciplinary situations at the workplace have been provided in the Code. The disciplinary rules that are applicable in Boots Ltd include the matter is related with the kind of employees, time keeping, health and safety, absence and in the same way, it also covers the use of Internet and telephones by the employees (Conway and Briner, 2005). Therefore, it is clear that during the disciplinary meeting, the employees have been provided with a statutory right to be accompanied. This right has also been recognized by the company in the present case. As a result, whenever an employee has been invited by the company to attend a meeting related with the disciplinary issue, the employee can make a request to be accompanied by a colleague or a trade union representative. On the other hand, the manager hearing the allegations during the meeting can also be accompanied by a professional advisor. On the basis of the decision given in John-Charles v NHS Business Services Authority, certain conclusions and recommendations can be made in this case. Therefore it can be concluded in this case that the employers are always required to make sure that all relevant matters in case of a disciplinary decision are fully explained to the employees. In the same way, the employers are also required to ensure that an opportunity has been provided to the employee to make a representation regarding all the relevant issues. In case where the hearing had been finished and an issue becomes relevant, while earlier it was not considered as relevant, the employers should reconvene the hearing and in this way, an opportunity should be provided to the employee to present their side of the story (Gibbons, 2007). On the other hand, if this is not done, it is likely that an employment tribunal may arrive at the conclusion that the dismissal of the employee was unfair. In view of this decision, it also becomes clear that the employers are required to follow the principles of natural justice. For example in this case, the appeal was allowed by the EAT on the grounds of natural justice, as in this case, the claimant was told by the employer that sanctions will be considered only after appointing has been made regarding the disciplinary allegations but the employee was not advise regarding the importance assumed by the warning and in the same way, the employee was not provided an opportunity to make representations regarding that point. As a result, although a right of appeal was later on provided to the employee but it did not answer the question if the decision of the employer to dismiss the employee can be considered unfair as a result of this breach of the principles of natural justice (Gibbons, 2007). Therefore, on the basis of the decision given by the Employment Appeals Tribunal, it can be concluded that it is very important that the disciplinary proceedings adopted by the employers also fulfill the requirements of natural justice. Conclusion In the present assignment, in first part, the key components related with a fair disciplinary process have been analyzed, particularly with the help of ACAS Code and other models. After evaluating the challenges that may be faced in the implementation of disciplinary processes in an organization, relevant examples have been discussed from the case law in which the courts have identified good practice principles related with disciplinary proceedings (CIPD, 2013). In the next part of the assignment, the policies, procedures and practices adopted by Boot UK regarding the disciplinary processes have been analyzed. Are the same time, any potential tension that may arise between the other HR policies have been explored and in light of the decision given in John-Charles v NHS Business Services Authority, certain conclusions and recommendations have been made for the company. References ACAS (2004) Code of Practice on Disciplinary and grievance procedures Behfar, K., Mannix, E. And Peterson, R. (2011) Conflict in small groups: the meaning and consequences of process conflict. Small Group Research. Vol 42, No 2, April. pp127176 Bennett, T. (2014) The role of workplace mediation: a critical assessment. Personnel Review. Vol 43, No 5. pp76477 Conway, N. And Briner, R. (2005) Understanding psychological contracts at work: a critical evaluation of theory and research. Oxford: Oxford University Press Cully, M., Woodland, S., OReilly, A., and Dix, G. (1999), Britain at Work, London, Routledge. Davies, P and Freedland, M. (2007) Towards a Flexible Labour Market: Labour Legislation and Regulation since the 1990s, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Gibbons, M. (2007) Better Dispute Resolution. A review of employment dispute resolution in Great Britain. London, Dti. Gibbons, M. (2007) Better dispute resolution: a review of employment dispute resolution in Great Britain. London: Department of Trade and Industry. Kelly, J. (1998), Rethinking Industrial Relations, London, Routledge. Law Society (2008), Draft ACAS Code of Practice on discipline and grievance. Response to the consultation Lewis, R. and Simpson, B. (1981) Striking a Balance? Employment Law after the 1980 Act, Oxford, Martin Robinson Chartered Institute Of Personnel And Development. (2013) Real-life leaders: closing the knowingdoing gap [online]. Research report. London: CIPD.